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21.
Norio?ArakakiEmail author Sadao?Wakamura Hiroe?Yasui Yasutsune?Sadoyama Mitsunobu?Kishita 《Chemoecology》2003,13(4):183-186
Summary. Both male and female Holotrichia loochooana
loochooana (Sawada) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were
attracted with female-produced pheromone, anthranilic acid
(2-aminobenzoic acid), in the field. Male chafers were
observed to apparently directly locate cotton balls impregnated
with 1 to 10 mg of pheromone. In contrast, females never
directly oriented to the treated balls but landed 0.2-1.5 m
away and exposed their abdominal glands in a calling posture,
which occasionally resulted in aggregation of both females
and males. This suggested the mating aggregation of this
species could be primarily induced by pheromone released by
females. A hypothesis for adaptability of female aggregation
is proposed and discussed. 相似文献
22.
Summary. This study reports on the impact of insecticidal resistance on the diel periodicity of the calling behaviour and pheromone
production of different-aged virgin females of the obliquebanded leafroller (OBL), Choristoneura rosaceana. While both resistant (R) and susceptible (S) females initiated calling on the first night following emergence, the periodicity
of the calling behaviour, as determined by the mean onset time of calling (MOTC) and the mean time spent calling (MTSC) over
the first six nights of calling, differed between the two strains. R females started calling significantly later in the night.
However, as the MOTC of R females advanced with age but did not do so in S individuals, the difference between strains was
more pronounced in younger than older females. Furthermore, R females spent less time calling than S individuals. However,
the MTSC increased as a function of age in both R and S females, so the difference between strains remained fairly constant
for each night of calling. The major component of OBL sex pheromone, the Z11-14: Ac, determined at peak calling activity,
significantly declined with female age. Overall, pheromone production was lower in R females than in S females, with the difference
being more pronounced in younger than in older individuals. Thus, resistant females may have a lower mating success. The mating
success of both R and S strain males did not vary with the number of previous matings acquired. With regard to males, although
there was a significant decline in spermatophore size with successive matings, there was no significant difference between
strains. However, R males are smaller and may be disadvantaged through female choice and/or may respond differently to pheromone
source compared with S individuals. If the reproductive success of both sexes is affected, this may have a profound influence
on the dynamics of insecticidal resistance in the presence or absence of selection in OBL populations.
Received 4 July 2001; accepted 19 October 2001. 相似文献
23.
William P. Shepherd Dezene P. W. Huber Steven J. Seybold Christopher J. Fettig 《Chemoecology》2007,17(4):209-221
Summary. Stem volatile extracts from ten trees that are sympatric with the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were assayed by gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection analysis (GC-EAD).
The extracts were from the primary host, ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. (Pinaceae); two nonhost angiosperms, California black oak, Quercus kelloggii Newb. (Fagaceae), and quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae); and seven nonhost conifers, white fir, Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. (Pinaceae), incense cedar, Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin (Cupressaceae), Sierra lodgepole pine, P. contorta murrayana Grev. & Balf. (Pinaceae), Jeffrey pine, P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. (Pinaceae), sugar pine, P. lambertiana Dougl. (Pinaceae), Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Pinaceae), and mountain hemlock, Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. (Pinaceae). Sixty-four compounds were identified from the ten trees, 42 of which elicited antennal responses
in D. brevicomis, usually in both sexes. In addition, several synthetic compounds, including a number of the antennally-active compounds from
the extracted trees and some bark beetle pheromone components, elicited antennal responses in a manner similar to that observed
with the extracts. Of the antennally-active compounds known to be present in trees sympatric with D. brevicomis, only geraniol was unique to its host. Four antennally-active compounds were found in the host and in other conifers; five
compounds were found only in nonhost conifers; eight compounds were found in either or both of the nonhost angiosperms; eight
compounds were found in either or both of the angiosperms and in nonhost conifers, but not in the host; and 19 were found
in both the host and in angiosperms and/or nonhost conifers. Several bark beetle pheromone components were found in the stem
volatile extracts. Conophthorin was identified from both nonhost angiosperms; exo-brevicomin was identified in A. concolor; verbenone was identified from a number of nonhost conifers; and chalcogran was identified from P. tremuloides. The number of nonhost volatile chemicals that D. brevicomis encounters and is capable of detecting, and the diversity of sources from which they emanate, highlight the complexity of
the olfactory environment in which D. brevicomis forages. This provides a basis for further work related to chemically-mediated aspects of foraging in this insect and perhaps
other coniferophagous bark beetles, and highlights the need to consider foraging context in the design and implementation
of semiochemical-based management tactics for tree protection. 相似文献
24.
Peter Witzgall Jean-Pierre Chambon Marie Bengtsson C. Rikard Unelius Monica Appelgren Gyorgy Makranczy N. Muraleedharan Darwin W. Reed Klaus Hellrigl Hans-Ruedi Buser Eric Hallberg Gunnar Bergström Miklos Tóth Christer Löfstedt Jan Löfqvist 《Chemoecology》1996,7(1):13-23
Summary The geometric isomers (E,E)-, (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, and (Z,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate were identified as sex pheromone components or sex attractants in the tribes Eucosmini and Grapholitini of the tortricid subfamily Olethreutinae. Species belonging to the more ancestral Tortricinae were not attracted. Each one isomer was behaviourally active in males ofCydia andGrapholita (Grapholitini), either as main pheromone compound, attraction synergist or attraction inhibitor. Their reciprocal attractive/antagonistic activity in a number of species enables specific communication with these four compounds.Pammene, as well as otherGrapholita andCydia responded to the monoenic 8- or 10-dodecen-1-yl acetates. Of the tribes Olethreutini and Eucosmini,Hedya, Epiblema, Eucosma, andNotocelia trimaculana were also attracted to 8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetates, but several otherNotocelia to 10,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetates. The female sex pheromones ofC. fagiglandana, C. pyrivora, C. splendana, Epiblema foenella andNotocelia roborana were identified. (E,E)- and (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate are producedvia a commonE9 desaturation pathway inC. splendana. CallingC. nigricana andC. fagiglandana females are attracted to wingfanning males. 相似文献
25.
Eva S. Stangler Stefan Jarau Michael Hrncir Ronaldo Zucchi Manfred Ayasse 《Chemoecology》2009,19(1):13-19
Foragers of several species of stingless bees deposit pheromone spots in the vegetation to guide recruited nestmates to a
rich food source. Recent studies have shown that Trigona and Scaptotrigona workers secrete these pheromones from their labial glands. An earlier report stated that species within the genus Geotrigona use citral from their mandibular glands for scent marking. Since convincing experimental proof for this conjecture is lacking,
we studied the glandular origin of the trail pheromone of Geotrigona mombuca. In field bioassays, newly recruited bees were diverted by artificial scent trails that branched off from the natural scent
trail deposited by their nestmates only when they were baited with extracts from the foragers’ labial glands. Compounds extracted
from the mandibular glands, however, did not release trail following behavior. This demonstrates that the trail pheromone
of G. mombuca is produced in the labial glands, as in Trigona and Scaptotrigona. Furthermore, in chemical analyses citral was identified exclusively in the foragers’ mandibular glands, which disproves
its supposed role as a trail pheromone. The labial glands contained a series of terpene- and wax type esters, with farnesyl
butanoate as major constituent. We, therefore, postulate that the trail pheromone of G. mombuca is composed of a blend of esters. 相似文献
26.
Summary. Trail-following behavior of Lasius japonicus was colony-specific in the field, while trail pheromone activity was not. We found that the footprint substance caused colony-specific trail-following behavior only when working in conjunction with the trail pheromone. The footprint substance alone did not lead the workers to follow trails. The substance consisted mainly of hydrocarbons with composition almost identical to that of cuticular hydrocarbons, except for the absence of n-alkanes. Nestmate workers shared footprint hydrocarbon profiles as well as cuticular hydrocarbons, but the profiles differed among colonies. We therefore consider that the footprint hydrocarbon profiles serve as the trail discrimination signal in L. japonicus. 相似文献
27.
Newborn rabbits rely on odour cues to localize and seize maternal nipples. In particular, they orally respond to the mammary
pheromone (MP) emitted in rabbit milk. The activity of the MP was so far mainly investigated in newborns, and a drop in its
releasing effect was shown in 23-day old pups. Here, we evaluated the activity of the MP in a large sample (n=1588) of domestic
rabbit pups tested between birth and weaning. We also assessed whether wild-type pups respond to the MP, and whether the developmental
course of their responsiveness matches the one of domestic pups. During the first postnatal week, the MP revealed to be a
strong releasing stimulus in all pups, regardless of their genetic and environmental background. However, the saliency of
the MP decreased with approaching weaning, and this decrease was clearly steeper in wild-type than in domestic pups. These
results are discussed with regard to the concept of ontogenetic adaptation and the effects of artificial selection. 相似文献
28.
Suppression pheromone and cockroach rank formation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although agonistic behaviors in the male lobster cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea) are well known, the formation of an unstable hierarchy has long been a puzzle. In this study, we investigate how the unstable
dominance hierarchy in N. cinerea is maintained via a pheromone signaling system. In agonistic interactions, aggressive posture (AP) is an important behavioral
index of aggression. This study showed that, during the formation of a governing hierarchy, thousands of nanograms of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone
(3H-2B) were released by the AP-adopting dominant in the first encounter fight, then during the early domination period and
that this release of 3H-2B was related to rank maintenance, but not to rank establishment. For rank maintenance, 3H-2B functioned
as a suppression pheromone, which suppressed the fighting capability of rivals and kept them in a submissive state. During
the period of rank maintenance, as the dominant male gradually decreased his 3H-2B release, the fighting ability of the subordinate
gradually developed, as shown by the increasing odds of a subordinate adopting an AP (OSAP). The OSAP was negatively correlated
with the amount of 3H-2B released by the dominant and positively correlated with the number of domination days. The same OSAP
could be achieved earlier by reducing the amount of 3H-2B released by the dominant indicates that whether the subordinate
adopts an offensive strategy depends on what the dominant is doing. 相似文献
29.
Summary. Male obliquebanded leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), were induced to respond to a pheromone source tainted with a behavioural antagonist, Z9-tetradecenyl acetate, when a source releasing the antagonist was placed 10 cm upwind of the tainted source in a wind tunnel.
However, placement of the antagonist upwind of an attractive pheromone source did not interrupt pheromone-mediated responses.
Placement of a source releasing Z9-tetradecenyl acetate, a minor pheromone component of the sympatric species, the threelined leafroller, Pandemis limitata (Robinson), upwind of a calling P. limitata female, reduced conspecific male pheromone-mediated response but resulted in upwind flight by male C. rosaceana and contact with heterospecific females. Male P. limitata locked on and flew upwind to but did not contact heterospecific females when a source releasing Z9-tetradecenyl acetate was positioned upwind of a calling C. rosaceana female. In the field, adaptation or habituation to Z9-tetradecenyl acetate caused by atmospheric treatment with this compound apparently resulted in reciprocal heterospecific
pheromone responses. More C. rosaceana males were captured in traps baited with their pheromone and the behavioural antagonist in small field plots treated atmospherically
with Z9-tetradecenyl acetate than in nontreated control plots. Fewer male P. limitata were captured in traps baited with their own pheromone, or with C. rosaceana pheromone tainted with Z9-tetradecenyl acetate in plots treated atmospherically with Z9-tetradecenyl acetate than in nontreated control plots. We argue that Z9-tetradecenyl acetate is an important synomone which assists in partitioning the sexual chemical communication channels of
C. rosaceana and P. limitata.
Received 9 February 1999; accepted 22 March 1999. 相似文献
30.
Summary.
Darna bradleyi Holloway, D. trima Moore, Setothosea asigna van Eecke and Setora nitens Walker are sympatric and coseasonal limacodid moths in plantations of oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecales: Palmae), in Borneo, southeast Asia. We tested the hypothesis that these four species maintain reproductive
isolation through specificity in diel periods of communication, microlocation for communication and/or communication signal
(pheromone). Studying diel periodicity of calling behavior by female moths and response by male moths to traps baited with
virgin females or synthetic pheromone, we determined that sexual communication of D. bradleyi and D. trima took place from ˜17:30 to 18:45 hr and that of S. asigna and S. nitens from ˜18:45 to 20:00 hr and from ˜18:30 to 19:30 hr, respectively. Over 80% of male S. asigna and S. nitens were captured in pheromone-baited traps suspended >5 m high, whereas male D. bradleyi and D. trima were captured mostly in traps <5 m high. Synthetic pheromone baits attracted male moths in a species-specific manner. Moreover,
baits containing both S. asigna and S. nitens pheromones failed to attract any male moths, indicating that female S. asigna and S. nitens, with overlapping communication periods, use bifunctional pheromone components that attract conspecific males while repelling
heterospecifics. Similarly, addition of D. bradleyi pheromone to S. asigna or S. nitens pheromone reduced attraction of male S. asigna and S. nitens. The failure of D. bradleyi and D. trima, which overlap in time and microlocation for communication, to evolve bifunctional pheromones may be attributed to the recent
occurrence of sympatry between D. bradleyi and D. trima in Borneo, apparently too recent for bifunctional pheromones to have evolved. We conclude that D. bradleyi, D. trima, S. asigna and S. nitens utilize any or all of diel periodicity, intra and interspecific effects of communication signal and/or microlocation for
signaling, allowing these limacodids to co-inhabit the same habitat and remain reproductively isolated.
Received 5 May 2000; accepted 18 August 2000 相似文献