两种曝气设备的清水曝气充氧实验研究

根据清水充氧实验计算,比较了微孔雾化软管曝气和射流曝气的充氧动力效率和氧利用率.以及后续实验的结果,最终得出微孔曝气软管曝气是高效节能的河流整治方法.     

Impact of cadmium and nickel on ion homeostasis in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Abstract

Toxicity of heavy metals to living organisms is a worldwide research topic. Although, much has been discovered about cadmium and nickel impact on biological systems, a lot still remains unclear. We used inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectroscopy to address the question of the effect of two different heavy metals nickel, and cadmium on intracellular ion balance. Increase or decrease of the content of several essential cations including Ca²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺ in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was determined. Our results revealed that the cell exposure to high nickel and cadmium concentrations led to significant elevation of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺ levels in the yeast cell, while the content of K⁺ decreased. Correlation analyses showing in the presence of nickel and cadmium strong positive correlation among each tested element (Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Fe³⁺) except for K⁺, demonstrate the significant impact of heavy metal treatment to ion homeostasis of the cell. Our data indicate that acute nickel and cadmium contamination leads to substantial ionome misbalance in yeast.     

PM2.5 chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust, vegetative burning, geological material, and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995

PM_2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm) chemical source profiles applicable to speciated emissions inventories and receptor model source apportionment are reported for geological material, motor vehicle exhaust, residential coal (RCC) and wood combustion (RWC), forest fires, geothermal hot springs; and coal-fired power generation units from northwestern Colorado during 1995. Fuels and combustion conditions are similar to those of other communities of the inland western US. Coal-fired power station profiles differed substantially between different units using similar coals, with the major difference being lack of selenium in emissions from the only unit that was equipped with a dry limestone sulfur dioxide (SO₂) scrubber. SO₂ abundances relative to fine particle mass emissions in power plant emissions were seven to nine times higher than hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) abundances from geothermal springs, and one to two orders of magnitude higher than SO₂ abundances in RCC emissions, implying that the SO₂ abundance is an important marker for primary particle contributions of non-aged coal-fired power station contributions. The sum of organic and elemental carbon ranged from 1% to 10% of fine particle mass in coal-fired power plant emissions, from 5% to 10% in geological material, >50% in forest fire emissions, >60% in RWC emissions, and >95% in RCC and vehicle exhaust emissions. Water-soluble potassium (K⁺) was most abundant in vegetative burning profiles. K⁺/K ratios ranged from 0.1 in geological material profiles to 0.9 in vegetative burning emissions, confirming previous observations that soluble potassium is a good marker for vegetative burning.     

高速微涡活性污泥法提高氧利用效率的研究

概述了高速微涡活性污泥法的工艺特点，并对该法提高氧的转移及利用效率进行了研究和机理分析。     

基于原位试验场的融雪水补给地下水过程研究

基于原位试验场地,本研究通过对土壤含水率、温度和地下水位、温度、电导率的测量,分析了2017年2月～5月长春市融雪水补给地下水过程,并运用氢氧稳定同位素技术对补给过程进行证明。结果表明,当地大气降水线为δD=7. 53δ~(18)O-3. 41(R~2=0. 76)。在δD-δ~(18)O关系图中,地下水各水样点主要分布在当地大气降水线附近,说明地下水主要受融雪水补给。融雪水对地下水的主要补给时间为气温保持在0℃左右的20余天内,地下水位上升幅度能达到0. 6 m。在此阶段,地下水位与地下水温度和电导率具有显著相关性,相关系数均在0. 9以上。之后由于春季工农业用水增加,水位开始下降。在整个过程中,融雪水对地下水的贡献率为20. 1%。黄土地层的田间持水率约为39%。     

自然资源资产负债表编制设计及应用Ⅱ：应用

根据作者在《自然资源资产负债表编制设计及应用Ⅰ：设计》中提出的自然资源资产负债表设计方案,论文以湖北省十堰市竹溪县为例,采用统计、市场价格法、替代市场法、意愿评估法等分别编制实物量表和价值量表,在此基础上分析自然资源变化与区域经济发展之间的关系。主要结论如下：1）竹溪县林木和特色资源总量呈逐年上升趋势;水资源中工业用水量逐年减少,工业用水效率不断提高,居民生活用水基本保持不变,城镇公共环境和生态环境用水逐年增加,农业发展受降水等自然条件影响较大,今后应进一步发展现代农业,提高农业用水效率。另外,土地资源有不断向建筑用地转变的趋势,未来竹溪县政府应控制建筑用地面积在合理范围内。2）竹溪县自然资源价值处于一个相对稳定的状态。4种资源中,土地资源价值量最高。人为因素对林木资源价值的影响值均为正值,且绝对值不断增加,人为因素对水资源价值的影响值为负值。3）随着竹溪县GDP增加,自然资源总量保持相对稳定,且每年人为原因对自然资源总价值的影响都是正效应。     

浑河流域沈抚段氮素污染综合溯源研究

通过对浑河流域沈抚段水体样品和主要污染源样品采集及检测,结合氮氧双稳定同位素及SIAR模型,统计分析研究区域氮素污染现状及氮素污染来源,绘制典型污染源的δ15N、δ18O特征分布图并估算其贡献率,准确追踪和定量外来性氮,从而更好地控制进入浑河流域的氮负荷.结果表明,浑河流域沈抚段受排污口、支流输入、工业废水的影响较大,氮素污染严重.研究区域δ15N值在-5.23‰~33.8‰范围内波动,δ18O值变化范围较大,为-4.12‰~61.54‰.工业废水对氮素贡献率为20.6%~96.3%,贡献率最高,其次是生活污水与粪便、化学肥料、土壤,贡献率分布范围分别为0.3%~29.4%、1.2%~33.5%、1.7%~30.1%,大气沉降对氮素贡献率最低,为0~7.2%.考虑大气污染及污废水排放规律能更准确的确定氮素的污染来源.     

SBR工艺设计经验探讨

提出了SBR工艺中,反应池容积、反应时间以及需氧量的计算方法和设计经验。同时,在研读和对比国内外相关资料的基础上,探讨了SBR工艺发生污泥膨胀的可能性和原因,介绍了控制方法与措施。     

香料生产废水的生化处理研究

某合成洋茉莉醛香料厂的生产废水中含有香料、香料副产品、降解物以及原辅材料,具有CODcr浓度高、水质波动大以及水中污染物成分复杂等特点,属于典型的高浓度难降解有机废水,而该厂现有的废水处理工艺不仅流程长、费用高且出水难以达到GB8978—1996一级排放标准。本文采用活性污泥法及MBR工艺研究了洋茉莉醛香料废水的处理效果及其影响因素,并结合GC—MS对降解产物进行了分析。试验结果表明：采用本文方法对洋茉莉醛香料废水有较好的降解作用,可经较少的步骤处理实现达标排放。     

城市居民小区双水源中水回用研究初探——以苏州为例

结合苏州本地的实际情况,提出在居民小区中将屋面雨水和优质杂排水作为小区中水回用的双水源,并采用物化法作为核心处理工艺。同时,以苏州城区范围内15个居民小区的水量调查为依据,论证了双水源中水回用工艺的可行性。