植物吸收环境中金属元素的动力学模型

植物吸收金属元素的过程主要是一个主动吸收过程。目前用离子载体学说解释离子主动吸收过程已经得到了广泛的认同 ;而且各种各样的酶参与了植物主动吸收金属离子的过程。本文对利用酶促反应动力学描述植物吸收环境中金属元素这一现象的可行性及应用现状作了讨论。     

苏州河底泥的耗氧量

对苏州河底泥耗氧量(SOD)的实验测定结果表明,苏州河底泥(北新泾下游)的夏季耗氧强度是冬季的6倍,最大强度发生在武宁路河段,达7500mg/m2     

底泥耗氧速率的测定方法比较

在对实验室法和现场法测定底泥耗氧速度（SOD）的步骤和操作参数综述中，对于实验室测定法。从底泥采样，测定容器，实验底泥厚度，上覆水，测定培养条件，溶解氧测定方法，溶解氧测定时间和测定间隔，空白样的测定以及SOD的计算等方面作了介绍；对于现场测定法，从测定容器，测定水力条件，溶解氧测定方法，空白水样的测定，溶解氧测定时间和测定间隔，SOD的计算方法等方面作了介绍，最后在原理，技术和费用上对以上2种方法加以比较。     

CANON生物膜载体储存及活性恢复研究

采用不同活性恢复手段研究了短期低温（20d,15℃）储存及常温（25℃）低负荷运行后,CANON-MBBR反应器的活性恢复效果.结果显示,CANON悬浮载体经短期低温储存后,通过先恢复温度后缓慢提高进水负荷的方式可使其TN去除负荷恢复率达到102%.若在温度未恢复的基础上直接将进水负荷提升至原水平运行,CANON悬浮载体生物膜将无法维持正常的EPS含量而易发生脱膜现象,致使TN去除负荷恢复率仅为84%.另外,系统有一定基质浓度的基础上,经过25d常温（25℃）低负荷SBR运行后,通过同样的恢复手段可使TN去除负荷恢复率达到96%.通过微生物菌群分析,确定CANON-MBBR系统中功能微生物优势菌属分别为Nitrosomonas和Candidatus Kuenenia,采取合适的恢复手段使系统进入稳定运行阶段后,两者丰度均可分别达到11%以上及27%以上,且悬浮载体脱膜并未对微生物组成造成明显影响.     

Prooxidant Actions of Isoproterenol and Dobutamine

Despite beneficial effect of isoproterenol and doputamine, synthetic catecholamines rutinely used in intensive care patients, their high doses may contribute to cardiotoxicity. This study was conducted to examine whether these drugs can influence on Co, Cu - catalyzed generation deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) from H 2 O 2 using chemiluminescent, spectrophotometric and ESR spin trapping techniques. The enhanced production of ROS from the Co(II)+H 2 O 2 and Cu(II)+H 2 O 2 systems in the presence of isoproterenol and dobutamine was observed. The ROS generation was inhibited by scavengers of superoxide anion radical $ {\rm (O}_{\rm 2}^{{ \bar\bullet }} {\rm )} $ , hydroxyl radical $ ({\rm HO}^ \bullet ) $ scavengers and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) quenchers.     

LNG船舶锚泊安全距离定量计算建模

为保障液化天然气船舶(LNG船舶)锚泊安全,提出了一种基于船舶漂移运动和船舶碰撞风险的锚泊安全距离计算方法.首先,结合船舶运动数学模型,通过蒙特卡洛模拟LNG船舶走锚漂移运动,得出走锚漂移方向概率密度函数,从而确定船舶走锚漂移横向、纵向距离;同时,结合船舶碰撞概率模型、船舶碰撞损害模型和LNG火灾模型,建立LNG船舶碰撞风险模型,确定满足碰撞概率和风险可接受的安全距离.最后,比较两种模型计算结果,并取其较大值作为LNG船舶锚泊安全距离.结果表明,LNG船锚泊安全距离不仅与环境水域的风、流情况有关,还与附近水域内船舶大小及速度有关.建议交通管理中需结合水域环境特征和水域船舶特点确定LNG船舶的锚泊安全距离.     

The influence of oxygen concentration on the composition of gaseous products occurring during the self-heating of coal and wood sawdust

This article deals with an assessment of the influence of oxygen concentration on the composition and amount of combustion products generated in the course of heating coal particles and wood sawdust at 150 °C. This was done both with normal air and at 15% oxygen in the air in an isothermal furnace. The generated gases were analyzed by a Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer. Results show that under both conditions, the same substances are formed: water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and aliphatic hydrocarbons. However, the quantities changed. At 21% oxygen, the concentrations of carbon monoxide and methane were higher than at 15% oxygen both in coal and wood. The oxygen concentration was also found to affect the rates of release of CO and CO₂. The rate of release of CO was higher at 21% oxygen, but that of CO₂ was higher at 15%, indicating two different mechanisms. In all cases, the concentrations of these gases were higher for coal than for wood. The results have implications for the specification of safe conditions of storage of coal and wood substances and the selection of safety measures.     

稳定同位素追踪水体中的氮来源的研究现状

氮是水体中的主要污染物之一。近几十年来,随着工农业的发展,使得水体中氮的污染呈上升趋势,并在今后可能会持续,最根本的解决方法是找到源头,从根本上切断污染途径以达到消除氮源的污染。在查阅相关文献的基础上,阐述了水中用同位素追踪研究氮的来源的研究进展和存在的问题,对于评价氮的污染现状、污染控制和环境管理具有十分重要的意义。     

The effect of landfill leachate composition on organics and nitrogen removal in an activated sludge system with bentonite additive

A pre-denitrification activated sludge system (AS) without internal recycle was used in lab-scale studies of landfill leachate treatment. A bentonite supplement at a ratio of 1:4 (mineral : biomass) was used to ensure high sludge settling levels and to serve as a micro-organisms carrier. The system was operated within different parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), ammonia loading rate (ALR) or external recycle ratio, which was adapted to treat varying leachate concentrations of COD and ammonia, ranging from 1020 to 2680 mgO(2)l(-1) and 400-890 mgNH(4)-Nl(-1) respectively. The nitrification was complete and ammonia oxidation reached 99%; this was obtained while the ALR did not exceed 0.09 g NH(4)(+)-Ng(-1)MLVSS d(-1) and HRT was not lower than 1 day (in the aeration reactor). The performance of denitrification was successfully improved by controlling the external recycle rate, when the BOD(5)/N ratio in the raw leachate was 4.1. Consequently, N-removal of up to 80% was achieved. A 10-fold decrease in the denitrification rate was obtained at a BOD(5)/N ratio of 0.5. The efficiency of COD removal varied significantly from 36% to 84%. The positive effect of bentonite addition was determined and is discussed based on preliminary studies. The experiments were carried out in fill-and-draw activated sludge with bentonite; the biomass ratio was 1:2. The activated sludge with bentonite was fed with a synthetic high ammonia and organic-free medium.     

可燃性气体含氧量安全限值的探讨

焦炉煤气的安全含氧量目前存在一些异议。由此,提出如何确定可燃性气体含氧量安全限值的问题。笔者提出了惰性气体对含氧量安全限值的影响,探讨了采用化学计算法和作图法能对可燃性气体含氧量作简单确定,用此方法确定焦炉煤气的含氧量安全限值为４％ 。笔者认为,焦炉煤气的安全氧含量可适当放宽,以２％ 为参考值。