泥炭生物脱臭技术研究

本文介绍生物脱臭的应用及其原理；并以自采的泥炭为载体，以硫化氢氧为试验气体，进行原始泥炭以及经过各种处理后泥炭臭性能的对比试验，由试验证明泥 一种比较理想的脱臭生物载体。     

活性炭在中高温条件下对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵的影响

为提高玉米秸秆厌氧发酵的产气效果,本文研究活性炭在中温(38℃)和高温(50℃)条件下对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产甲烷的效果及微生物学机制.结果表明,添加活性炭能显著促进秸秆厌氧发酵产甲烷,中、高温试验组(添加活性炭)的累积产甲烷量分别比对照提高了63%和96%;DGGE的结果显示,高温试验组(添加活性炭)和对照组(未添加活性炭)的发酵液中的优势细菌菌群分别是Clostridiale bacterium和Bacillus,中温对照组发酵液和中温试验组发酵液未发现明显优势菌种.添加活性炭分别有利于氢营养型的甲烷鬃毛菌(Methanosaeta concilii strain)和乙酸营养型的醋酸甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina acetivorans strain),在中温、高温试验组的发酵液中形成优势古菌菌群.中温试验组活性炭载体上的优势古菌菌群为甲烷鬃毛菌(Methanosaeta concilii strain),而高温试验组活性炭载体上的优势古菌菌群主要为甲烷八叠球菌嗜高温菌属(Methanosarcina thermophila strain).     

Model parameterization for aerobic decomposition of plant resources drowned during man-made lakes formation

The formation of man-made reservoirs generates several impacts on water quality. In order to minimize some of these impacts mathematical models are currently used. This paper aims to discuss the issue associated with the degradation of plant resources (leaves, branches, barks and litter) that remain within the watershed of the new man-made lakes and parameterize a kinetic model related to decay of plant detritus. In these environments, the short-term variation of limnological parameters is mainly connected with biomass decay drowned during the filling operation. The kinetics of the degradation processes in reservoirs are discussed on the basis of information with related to detritus sources and the chemical properties of different types of compounds (i.e. labile and refractory fractions). Overall, the parameterization of the (first order) kinetic model showed that refractory fractions (ca. 86%) are predominant and the mineralization is a slow process, constituting the main route for decomposition and being affected by changes of environmental variables. The mineralization of labile and hydrosoluble compounds (ca. 14%) is responsible for the short-term water quality variation owing to decomposition; basically, the intensities of these changes depend on the labile/soluble compounds content of detritus and its chemical composition.     

电磁-好氧MBR降解印染达标尾水中微量萘、菲的研究

采用新型电磁-好氧膜生物反应器(Electromagnetic Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor, EMAMBR)处理达标印染尾水中微量多环芳烃类污染物—萘、菲,比较了好氧MBR(Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor)、电-好氧(Electric Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor)和EMAMBR 3种体系的降解效果,探讨了电流强度、HRT和初始pH对EMAMBR降解尾水中萘、菲的影响,初步分析了萘、菲的降解途径.结果表明:与其它两个体系相比,EMAMBR对尾水中萘、菲的平均去除率可提高30%~60%;适当增加电流强度和水力停留时间均能提高对萘、菲的处理效果;在电流强度I、尾水pH和HRT分别为20 mA、6.5~7.5和4 h条件下,EMAMBR对尾水中萘(2.77~4.75 μg·L^-1)和菲(2.0~8.0 μg·L^-1)的降解率均在75%以上,出水中总PAHs浓度满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)的要求.萘的降解是由水杨酸途径,菲的降解则是由邻苯二甲酸和水杨酸两种途径来实现的.     

一种负载型生物载体的制备及性能研究

为强化载体表面生物膜的活性,研究以水性聚氨酯(waterborne polyurethane)为介质制备负载电气石的聚氨酯(tourmaline on polyurethane,TPU)载体.用扫描电镜(SEM)和持水倍率表征载体的物理性能,并且考察TPU载体对挂膜量及硝化能力的影响.结果表明,水溶性聚氨酯浓度能够影响TPU载体对电气石的负载量,导入电气石可以优化TPU载体上极性基团的数量以及环境pH值,亚硝酸菌和硝酸菌在TPU载体上的不可逆附着量分别提高了74.82%和71.89%.与未投载体相比,NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率分别提高了8.12%和9.08%,表明优化的TPU载体能促进硝化作用.     

Anthraquinone acted as a catalyst for the removal of triphenylmethane dye containing tertiary amino group: Characteristics and mechanism

Herein, we found that anthraquinone (AQ) acted as a catalyst for the rapid and effective removal of triphenylmethane dye containing tertiary amino group (TDAG). Results showed that AQ had an enhanced catalytic reactivity towards the removal of TDAG compared to hydro-quinone, which was further proved and explained using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. AQs could achieve a TDAG removal efficiency and rate of approximately 100% and 0.3583 min⁻¹, respectively, within 20 min. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests indicated that the superoxide radical (O₂^•−) generated through the catalytic reduction of an oxygen molecule (O₂) by AQ contributed to the effective removal of the TDAG. In addition, it was found that the electrophilic attack of the O₂^•− radical on the TDAG was the driving force for the dye degradation process. Decreasing the pH led to protonation of the substituted group of AG, which resulted in formation of an electron deficient center in the TDAG molecule (TDAG-EDC⁺) through delocalization of the π electron. Therefore, the possibility of the electrophilic attack for the dye by the negative O₂^•- radical was significantly enhanced. This study revealed that the H⁺ and the O₂^•− generated by the catalytic reduction of O₂ have synergistic effects that led to a significant increase in the dye removal rate and efficiency, which were higher than those obtained through persulfate oxidation.     

PVA/ZnONPs活细胞固定化载体的构建及喹啉生物降解特性试验研究

利用ZnO纳米颗粒(ZnONPs)修饰聚乙烯醇(PVA)制备活细胞固定化载体,并将喹啉降解菌Ochrobactrum sp.LC-1固定。X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析结果表明,ZnONPs均匀地分布在PVA内部孔隙表面,强化了对细菌及喹啉的吸附效果,且载体内部有大量孔隙支持细菌生长。喹啉生物降解结果表明,固定化细胞喹啉氧化还原酶(Qor)活性是游离细胞的1.7倍,喹啉降解能力大大增强。固定化细胞经驯化后,在喹啉起始质量浓度500 mg/L的条件下,10 h后,固定化细胞喹啉降解率为99.8%,远高于游离细胞的43.2%。当喹啉质量浓度为600~800 mg/L时,固定化细胞对喹啉的降解率可稳定在95%以上,固定化细胞重复利用30次后,喹啉降解率仍维持在94.9%以上,表现出良好的机械耐受强度,可应用于实际生产。     

不同pH值条件下悬浮载体SBR反应器处理污染河水的试验

研究了不同pH值条件下悬浮载体SBR反应器处理污染河水的脱氮性能和微生物活性。结果表明,初始pH为7.0时,悬浮载体SBR反应器处理污染河水的脱氮性能最好,NH4^＋-N和TN去除率分别为100%和36.6%。在初始pH 7.0时,悬浮相和附着相污泥亚硝化活性均达到最高,分别为6.81 mgNH4＋/（gMLVSS.h）和5.42 mgNH4^＋/（gMLVSS.h） 悬浮相污泥在pH 9.0时硝化性能最好,达到2.31 mgNO2^-/（gMLVSS.h）,而附着相污泥在pH 8.0时硝化性能达到最佳状态,为1.03 mgNO2^-/（gMLVSS.h） 在pH 8.0时,悬浮相和附着相污泥反硝化活性最强,分别到达13.98mg NO3^-/（gMLVSS.h）和12.72 mgNO3^-/（gMLVSS.h）。     

Organic matter composition in sediments of the Oman Margin

The quantity and biochemical composition of organic matter (OM) in the sediments underlying and below oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the Arabian Sea were studied to provide information on the diagenetic processes of organic carbon under different environmental conditions. Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total hydrolysable amino acids (THAA) were significantly higher in sediments within rather than below OMZ, while those of total carbohydrates (TCHO) were slightly lower in the latter, suggesting the presence of a larger supply of labile compounds into the sea bottom at the shallower site (i.e. within OMZ). Hydrolysable amino acid and carbohydrate contribution to TOC were even lower (about 10% in surficial sediments) than the values obtained from the abyssal oligotrophic North Pacific, suggesting that OM food availability in the Oman Margin sediments within OMZ was lower than that observed at abyssal depths. The presence of the highest THAA and TCHO concentrations in the top 40?mm of the sediment core at both sites reflected the presence of bioturbation processes. In contrast with the general view of the deep sea as a stable and constant system, below OMZ in the Arabian Sea sediments, some differences were observed in the two investigated cores indicating the presence of a certain spatial variability in OM content and diagenesis.