玉米粒为载体的流化床生物膜反应器处理印染废水

以废弃玉米粒为载体,在生物膜流化床试验装置上进行印染废水处理试验研究。结果表明,与炉渣载体比较成膜时间缩短2 d;形成的生物膜生长到载体内部,结合牢固;曝气量(20~30 L/h.L)受流化状况控制,比非生物质载体时略大,玉米粒含量为2~4 g/L时,COD、色度和浊度的去除率分别为72%、85%和86%。     

超声波及其联用技术降解废水中的氯苯

研究了在降解含氯苯废水的过程中，超声波分别与H2O2、O2、空气联用对氯苯降解效率的影响。结果表明，超声波分别与H2O2、O2、空气联用比单独使用超声波降解效率分别提高40、30、18个百分点。并且随H2O2用量的增加，降解效率明显升高。对于O2、空气，当气体流量小于0．3754mL／s时，降解效率随O2、空气流量的增大而明显升高。     

Numerical modeling of oxygen exclusion experiments of anaerobic bioventing

A numerical and experimental study of transport phenomena underlying anaerobic bioventing (ABV) is presented. Understanding oxygen exclusion patterns in vadose zone environments is important in designing an ABV process for bioremediation of soil contaminated with chlorinated solvents. In particular, the establishment of an anaerobic zone of influence by nitrogen injection in the vadose zone is investigated. Oxygen exclusion experiments are performed in a pilot scale flow cell (2 x 1.1 x 0.1 m) using different venting flows and two different outflow boundary conditions (open and partially covered). Injection gas velocities are varied from 0.25 x 10(-3) to 1.0 x 10(-3) cm/s and are correlated with the ABV radius of influence. Numerical simulations are used to predict the collected experimental data. In general, reasonable agreement is found between observed and predicted oxygen concentrations. Use of impervious covers can significantly reduce the volume of forcing gas used, where an increase in oxygen exclusion efficiency is consistent with a decrease in the outflow area above the injection well.     

含氮有机废气深度氧化催化剂的研究

本文研究了复载于改性丝光沸石上铜氧化物催化剂对有机烃类韵催化氧化活性;同时考察了催化剂对正丁胺、苯胺、硝基苯深度氧化的活性及控制NO_x能力。结果表明,Cu和改性组份La,Cr之间有明显的共助催化作用,其中Cu_3/AUM催化剂对烃类、食氮有机物的氧亿活性及控NO_x能力良好,在空速为10000h~(-1),反应温度270℃,反应物(正丁胺)浓度为260Gmg/m~3的条件下,其转化率达100％,几乎未检测到NO_x的生成,而且对空速和有机物浓度的变化具有一定妁适应性。     

磐石等四种泥炭脱除硫化氢能力的研究

本文介绍用自采的磐石等四种泥炭，以硫化氢为试验气体，用同一套试验设备，在相同条件下进行脱臭能力为比的试验研究。并由试验中总结出影响泥炭脱臭能力的物理及化学因素。     

Detrimental role of residual surface acid ions on ozone decomposition over Ce-modified γ-MnO2 under humid conditions

In the study,the catalyst precursors of Ce-modified γ-MnO_2 were washed with deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant was 1,2,4 and 7,and the obtained catalysts were named accordingly.Under space velocity of 300,000 hr~(-1),the ozone conversion over the pH=7 catalyst under dry conditions and relative humidity of 65% over a period of 6 hr was 100% and 96%,respectively.However,the ozone decomposition activity of the pH=2 and 4 catalysts distinctly decreased under relative humidity of 65% compared to that under dry conditions.Detailed physical and chemical characterization demonstrated that the residual sulfate ions on the pH=2 and 4 catalysts decreased their hydrophobicity and then restrained humid ozone decomposition activity.The pH=2 and 4 catalysts had inferior resistance to high space velocity under dry conditions,because the residual sulfate ion on their surface reduced their adsorption capacity for ozone molecules and increased their apparent activation energies,which was proved by temperature programmed desorption of O_2 and kinetic experiments.Long-term activity testing,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed that there were two kinds of oxygen vacancies on the manganese dioxide catalysts,one of which more easily adsorbed oxygen species and then became deactivated.This study revealed the detrimental effect of surface acid ions on the activity of catalysts under humid and dry atmospheres,and provided guidance for the development of highly efficient catalysts for ozone decomposition.     

Degradation of organic contaminants through the activation of oxygen using zero valent copper coupled with sodium tripolyphosphate under neutral conditions

In this study,sodium tripolyphosphate(STPP) was used to promote the removal of organic pollutants in a zero-valent copper(ZVC)/O_2 system under neutral conditions for the first time.20 mg/L p-nitrophenol(PNP) can be completely decomposed within 120 min in the ZVC/O_2/STPP system.The PNP degradation process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the degradation rate of PNP gradually increased upon the decreasing ZVC particle size.The optimal pH of the reaction system was 5.0.Our mechanism investigation showed that Cu~+generated by ZVC corrosion was the main reducing agent for the activation of 02 to produce ROS.-OH was identified as the only ROS formed during the degradation of PNP and its production pathway was the double-electron activation of O_2(O_2→H_2 O_2→·OH).In this process,STPP did not only promote the release of Cu~+through its complexation,but also promoted the production of OH by reducing the redox potential of Cu~(2+)/Cu~+.In addition,we could initiate and terminate the reaction by controlling the pH.At pH 8.1,ZVC/02/STPP could continuously degrade organic pollutants;at pH 8.1,the reaction was terminated.STPP was recycled to continuously promote the corrosion of ZVC and O_2 activation as long as the pH was 8.1.This study provided a new and efficient way for O_2 activation and organic contaminants removal.     

Ce-based catalysts used in advanced oxidation processes for organic wastewater treatment: A review

Refractory organic pollutants in water threaten human health and environmental safety, and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective for the degradation of these pollutants. Catalysts play vital role in AOPs, and Ce-based catalysts have exhibited excellent performance. Recently, the development and application of Ce-based catalysts in various AOPs have been reported. Our study conducts the first review in this rapid growing field. This paper clarifies the variety and properties of Ce-based catalysts. Their applications in different AOP systems (catalytic ozonation, photodegradation, Fenton-like reactions, sulfate radical-based AOPs, and catalytic sonochemistry) are discussed. Different Ce-based catalysts suit different reaction systems and produce different active radicals. Finally, future research directions of Ce-based catalysts in AOP systems are suggested.     

美军航母腐蚀控制技术体系的发展研究

从航母腐蚀控制技术体系这一航母应用技术的微小分支见微知著,对世界最强海军航母技术的发展历程、理念、思路、体制以及方向进行深入探究分析,以走出具有中国特色的航母技术发展之路。通过对美军航母腐蚀控制新材料与新工艺的应用、腐蚀控制在舰船全寿命周期应用、腐蚀控制技术体系发展理念、腐蚀控制技术体系科研体制创新的研究,对美军航母腐蚀控制技术体系进行深入了解。     

北方典型岩溶泉域地下水水文地球化学特征分析——以鹤壁许家沟泉域为例

近年来,受采矿活动、气候变化等因素影响,包括鹤壁许家沟泉域在内的北方多数岩溶泉域水化学场发生了改变,但其演变规律及现状条件下的水文地球化学特征仍不明晰。为揭示现状条件下许家沟泉域地下水水文地球化学特征及其控制因素,本文在调查取样分析的基础上,采用数理统计、离子比例系数、Gibbs图及相关性分析等方法进行了研究。结果表明:泉域内岩溶地下水水化学类型主要为HCO_3-Ca·Mg和HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg型。地下水主要水化学组分演化过程的主控因素是岩石风化作用,地下水中的Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)和HCO_3~-主要来源于含方解石(CaCO_3)、白云石(CaMg(CO_3)_2)的碳酸盐岩以及硫酸盐岩(CaSO_4·2H_2O)的溶解,一部分SO_4~(2-)来自黄铁矿氧化。脱白云石化作用致使泉域枯水期地下水中Mg~(2+)明显高于丰水期。阳离子吸附交替使地下水中Na~+、K~+含量降低。稳定同位素特征表明,泉域岩溶地下水主要接受西部裸露区大气降雨的入渗补给,泉域南部岩溶地下水还受淇河河水渗漏的影响,枯水期岩溶地下水中δ~(18)O存在漂移现象。研究成果为泉域内岩溶地下水的合理开发与保护提供了依据。