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121.
通过对一台储氧卧罐检验结果的分析及对历次检验情况的比较,建议对这台容器进行判废处理。但由于生产需要,该容器不能立即更新,专家们根据实际情况提出了用声发射仪监控,延长使用期一年的意见。 相似文献
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PROBLEMS: Limited research is available on the acting (work characteristics) and experienced (perceived stress) workload of nurses. The relationship between risk and protective characteristics of work-related factors and the prevalence of musculoskletal symptoms in different body regions is also unclear. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional design with 97 female registered nurses working in a hospital setting. Two surveys were used to document the workload exposure of the nurses. One survey consisted of 148 items aimed to measure the acting workload variables from the environment; the other survey included 33 items that were aimed to measure the nurses' experienced workload. The musculoskeletal outcomes were documented with a modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Survey. RESULTS: Factor analyses revealed three factors that accounted for 56% of the total variance. Factor 1 (i.e., integrated experienced energy replenishment/expenditure) represented the psychological effects of work characteristics, effort, perceived risk, and performance. Factor 2 (i.e., acting energy replenishment/expenditure) consisted of non-physical variables of the work characteristics, while Factor 3 (i.e., acting energy expenditure) included both acting and experienced workload. Logistic regression analyses indicated that Factor 3 was significantly associated with the musculoskeletal symptoms of lower and upper back, hands/wrists, and knees/lower legs (odds ratios > 1.0). Factor 2 was significantly associated with the musculoskeletal symptoms of the upper back and knees/lower legs (odds ratios < 1.0). SUMMARY: Both the acting and experienced workloads exhibited associations with musculoskeletal outcomes in the lower back, upper back, hands/wrists, and knees/lower legs in terms of risk and protective effects. 相似文献
124.
The present study centered on the composition of landfill gas and its effects on soil and plants at the Gin Drinkers' Bay (GDB) landfill in Hong Kong This first part of the study was a whole-year monitoring of landfill gas composition in the gas ventilation system installed on top of the landfill Methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ethylene were measured It was shown that gas generation was positively correlated with the amount of precipitation and air temperature and negatively correlated with atmospheric pressure 相似文献
125.
When control becomes a liability rather than an asset: Comparing home and office days among part‐time teleworkers
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Past research has mainly examined differences between employees working under conventional versus teleworking arrangements or high‐intensity versus low‐intensity teleworking. Yet because many workers combine days worked from the office with days worked from home (part‐time telework), it may be more appropriate to examine within‐individual variation in office versus home days. Accordingly, we compare diary data from 77 employees on three home days and three office days. This setup enables us to contribute to the theoretical debate on the duality of control and accountability. Specifically, by comparing job locations (home versus office), we identify conditions under which job control (worktime control) is more likely to act as an asset or as a liability. Results suggest that ability to concentrate is higher and need for recovery is lower, on home days than on office days. However, on home days, generally high level of worktime control amplifies the association between job demands and need for recovery—whereas this association is reversed when worktime control is generally moderate. No similar differences are observed on office days. Finally, whereas employees experiencing high job demands are more able to concentrate during home days than during office days, worktime control has no differential effect in this respect. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
126.
Both sexes of the damselfish Stegastes nigricans hold individual territories in which they feed on filamentous algae. At dawn, females visit males' territories to spawn,
and the males guard the eggs until hatching. We examined how females' spawning behavior varied according to the distances
to their mates. Females usually mated with a single male per morning. The distance to the territory of a mate (0.7–12.8 m)
did not affect a female's total spawning time per morning, but affected the number of her spawning visits with that male.
Females made many repeated spawning visits when spawning with males at short distances, while they spawned the entire clutch
in one visit when spawning with males at long distances. This plasticity in female behavior appears to be related to two costs
during the spawning visits: (1) intrusions by other fish to feed on algae in the female's territory during her absence, which
may cause the female to return repeatedly to her territory for defense, and (2) attacks on the female by other territorial
fish, which increased with the distance to their mates' territories. To minimize the sum of both costs, females should change
the number of spawning visits depending on the distance to the males' territories.
Received: 30 September 1996 / Accepted after revision: 17 March 1997 相似文献
127.
Effects of cadmium and zinc on oxygen consumption, ammonium excretion, and osmoregulation of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
White shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, a globally important cultured prawn species, is an ideal animal for studying the impairment caused by the effects of heavy metals that are often detected in coastal areas. The main purpose of the present study was to detect the acute toxicity of Cd and Zn to L. vannamei, and to investigate their effects on gill functions, which have not been carried out in this species before, hoping to obtain some important significance. First of all, we examined the acute toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) to L. vannamei and obtained 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-h medium lethal concentration (LC50) values of 2.58, 1.30, 1.14, and 1.07 mg Cd l−1 and 3.98, 2.14, 1.75, and 1.35 mg Zn l−1, respectively. Furthermore, we also found that exposure of shrimp to Cd or Zn caused an inhibition in oxygen consumption of 91.3% and 75.9% lower than that of the control. However, after separate exposure to Cd or Zn, elevations in ammonium excretion were obtained, which were 153.7% and 144.1%, respectively, higher than the control. It is most likely that elevations in ammonium excretion were related to decreased osmotic pressure of shrimp blood. Finally, the distribution of Cd and Zn within gills was also determined. 相似文献
128.
Mihopoulos PG Suidan MT Sayles GD Kaskassian S 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2002,58(3-4):209-220
A numerical and experimental study of transport phenomena underlying anaerobic bioventing (ABV) is presented. Understanding oxygen exclusion patterns in vadose zone environments is important in designing an ABV process for bioremediation of soil contaminated with chlorinated solvents. In particular, the establishment of an anaerobic zone of influence by nitrogen injection in the vadose zone is investigated. Oxygen exclusion experiments are performed in a pilot scale flow cell (2 x 1.1 x 0.1 m) using different venting flows and two different outflow boundary conditions (open and partially covered). Injection gas velocities are varied from 0.25 x 10(-3) to 1.0 x 10(-3) cm/s and are correlated with the ABV radius of influence. Numerical simulations are used to predict the collected experimental data. In general, reasonable agreement is found between observed and predicted oxygen concentrations. Use of impervious covers can significantly reduce the volume of forcing gas used, where an increase in oxygen exclusion efficiency is consistent with a decrease in the outflow area above the injection well. 相似文献
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