Organic matter composition in sediments of the Oman Margin

The quantity and biochemical composition of organic matter (OM) in the sediments underlying and below oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the Arabian Sea were studied to provide information on the diagenetic processes of organic carbon under different environmental conditions. Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total hydrolysable amino acids (THAA) were significantly higher in sediments within rather than below OMZ, while those of total carbohydrates (TCHO) were slightly lower in the latter, suggesting the presence of a larger supply of labile compounds into the sea bottom at the shallower site (i.e. within OMZ). Hydrolysable amino acid and carbohydrate contribution to TOC were even lower (about 10% in surficial sediments) than the values obtained from the abyssal oligotrophic North Pacific, suggesting that OM food availability in the Oman Margin sediments within OMZ was lower than that observed at abyssal depths. The presence of the highest THAA and TCHO concentrations in the top 40 mm of the sediment core at both sites reflected the presence of bioturbation processes. In contrast with the general view of the deep sea as a stable and constant system, below OMZ in the Arabian Sea sediments, some differences were observed in the two investigated cores indicating the presence of a certain spatial variability in OM content and diagenesis.     

气提升交替循环流复合滤池的流体力学和氧传质特性研究

气提升交替流复合滤池（AALCF）在气提升循环流化床（ALR）和曝气生物滤池（BAF）研究基础上发明的一种新型生化反应器。通过该反应器,研究了其流体力学和氧传质特性以及它们的主要影响因素,即气体流量和颗粒滤料层高度。结果表明,气体流量对反应器内液体流速、循环时间、气含率以及氧传质系数均有线性的影响;而随着颗粒层高的增加,液体流速会减小从而循环时间延长,但其对气含率的影响并不明显,另外。氧传质系数随之呈现先增加后减小的趋势,且在颗粒层高为15cm时可达最大值。     

Male-biased predation of a cave fish by a giant water bug

Male-biased predation has been described from several epigean species, and in many cases, intrinsic differences between the sexes (such as male ornaments) have been suggested as an explanation. Here we report on male-biased predation of a cave fish (Poecilia mexicana) by an aquatic insect (Belostoma sp.) in a Mexican sulfur cave. P. mexicana use aquatic surface respiration (ASR) to survive in their sulfidic, hypoxic habitat. We found that males typically exhibit more ASR activity than females, which leads to increased exposure to the sit-and-wait predator that catches fish near the water surface. Our finding is novel, because male vulnerability to predation is not directly related to male traits involved in courtship, but rather due to other sexual differences in behavior and ultimately, oxygen demands.     

Regulating non-precious transition metal nitrides bifunctional electrocatalysts through surface/interface nanoengineering for air-cathodes of Zn-air batteries

Zn-air batteries (ZABs), especially the secondary batteries, have engrossed a great interest because of its high specific energy, economical and high safety. However, due to the insufficient activity and stability of bifunctional electrocatalysts for air-cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes, the practical application of rechargeable ZABs is seriously hindered. In the effort of developing high active, stable and cost-effective electrocatalysts, transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have been regarded as the candidates due to their high conductivity, strong corrosion-resistance, and bifunctional catalytic performance. In this paper, the research progress in TMNs-based material as ORR and OER electrocatalysts for ZABs is discussed with respect to their synthesis, chemical/physical characterization, and performance validation/optimization. The surface/interface nanoengineering strategies such as defect engineering, support binding, heteroatom introduction, crystal plane orientation, interface construction and small size effect, the physical and chemical properties of TMNs-based electrocatalysts are emphasized with respect to their structures/morphologies, composition, electrical conductivity, specific surface area, chemical stability and corrosion resistance. The challenges of TMNs-based materials as bifunctional air-cathode electrocatalysts in practical application are evaluated, and numerous research guidelines to solve these problems are put forward for facilitating further research and development.     

低压环境对N2和O2在航空煤油中溶解度的影响

主要研究低压环境下,压力、温度对氮气和氧气分别在航空煤油中溶解度的影响。实验装置包括除气装置、吸气平衡装置以及称重装置。由实验结果可知：压力在0MPa～0.1MPa,温度为293.15K,303.15K,313.15K时,氮气和氧气分别在航空煤油中的溶解度与压力呈线性关系、与温度呈非线性关系;氮气在航空煤油中的溶解度受压力的影响比氧气的小,受温度的影响比氧气的大;氧气在航空煤油中的溶解度比氮气的大。     

Effects of selected metal oxides on the dechlorination and destruction of PCDD and PCDF

OCDD and OCDF spiked silica/graphite based model fly ash containing various copper compounds and metal oxides were thermally treated under oxygen deficient conditions. All copper compounds tested showed a considerable dechlorination/hydrogenation reaction at 260 °C. After 30 min at 340 °C, less than 1% of the spiked OCDD and OCDF was recovered as T₄CDD/F to OCDD/F. Other compounds tested demonstrated a lower rate of dechlorination compared to the copper compounds. However, all other metal oxides showed a small dechlorination effect at 260 °C, which was considerably increased at 340 °C.

The model fly ash containing the different copper compounds or metal oxides showed comparable PCDD and PCDF isomer patterns after thermal treatment. However, small differences were observed among the different tested compounds. The PCDD and PCDF isomer patterns on the model fly ashes were similar to patterns found during dechlorination experiments on fly ashes from waste incineration processes.

Model fly ash containing Ca(OH)₂ exhibited the highest destruction potential, but a low dechlorination potential. In contrast, model fly ash containing any of the remaining compounds tested, was found to predominantly dechlorinate the spiked OCDD and OCDF.     

细旦涤纶的氧等离子体改性清洁工艺研究

采用氧低温等离子体技术对细旦涤纶进行改性以提高其染色上染率，并探讨了氧等离子体放电时间、放电气压和放电功率对细旦涤纶各项性能的影响规律。     

染整废水氧转移系数Kla值的研究

研究了染整废水中氧转移的速率,为工程设计、曝气机选择及动力效率测定,提供了科学理论依据。     

减少剩余污泥的关键问题探讨

介绍了济南炼油厂污水处理场在减少外排剩余污泥方面的方法和遇到的问题，及对无剩余污泥生产的展望。     

好氧生物处理污染水体的供氧技术

针对好氧生物处理污染水体需要充足的溶解氧，阐述了氧传递原理、传统供氧技术（机械供氧，鼓风供氧、氧载体供氧）和新型供氧技术（射流曝气供氧、膜供氧）。指出氧载体供氧和膜供氧技术具有广阔的应用前景。从材料，工艺及应用等方面详细介绍了膜供氧技术的研究进展，并对其发展前景进行了展望。