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21.
Cow excrements enhance the occurrence of tetracycline resistance genes in soil regardless of their oxytetracycline content 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Martina Kyselková Jiří Jirout Alica Chroňáková Naděžda Vrchotová Robert Bradley Heike Schmitt Dana Elhottová 《Chemosphere》2013
Fertilizing soils with animal excrements from farms with common antibiotic use represents a risk of disseminating antibiotic resistance genes into the environment. In the case of tetracycline antibiotics, it is not clear, however, whether the presence of antibiotic residues further enhances the gene occurrence in manured soils. We established a microcosm experiment in which 3 farm soils that had no recent history of fertilization with animal excrements were amended on a weekly basis (9 times) with excrements from either an oxytetracycline-treated or an untreated cow. Throughout the study, the concentration of oxytetracycline in excrements from the treated cow was above 500 μg g−1 dw, whereas no oxytetracycline was detected in excrements from the healthy cow. Both excrements contained tetracycline resistance (TC-r) genes tet(L), tet(M), tet(V), tet(Z), tet(Q) and tet(W). The excrements from the treated cow also contained the tet(B) gene, and a higher abundance of tet(Z), tet(Q) and tet(W). Three weeks after the last excrement addition, the individual TC-r genes differed in their persistence in soil: tet(Q) and tet(B) were not detectable while tet(L), tet(M), tet(Z) and tet(W) were found in all 3 soils. There were, however, no significant differences in the total number, nor in the abundance, of TC-r genes between soil samples amended with each excrement type. The oxytetracycline-rich and the oxytetracycline-free excrement therefore contributed equally to the increase of tetracycline resistome in soil. Our results indicate that other mechanisms than OTC-selection pressure may be involved in the maintenance of TC-r genes in manured soils. 相似文献
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Transformation kinetics and pathways of tetracycline antibiotics with manganese oxide 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tetracycline antibiotics including tetracycline (TTC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlorotetracycline (CTC) undergo rapid transformation to yield various products in the presence of MnO2 at mild conditions (pH 4-9 and 22 °C). Reaction rates follow the trend of CTC > TTC > OTC, and are affected by pH and complexation of TCs with Mg2+ or Ca2+. Experimental results of TTC indicate that MnO2 promotes isomerization at the C ring to form iso-TTC and oxidizes the phenolic-diketone and tricarbonylamide groups, leading to insertion of up to 2 O most likely at the C9 and C2 positions. In contrast, reactions of OTC with MnO2 generate little iso-OTC, but occur mainly at the A ring’s dimethylamine group to yield N-demethylated products. CTC yields the most complicated products upon reactions with MnO2, encompassing transformation patterns observed with both TTC and OTC. The identified product structures suggest lower antibacterial activity than that of the parent tetracyclines. 相似文献
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Hongtao Qiao Yongsheng Qiao Cuizhu Sun Xiaohan Ma Jing Shang Xiaoyun Li Fengmin Li Hao Zheng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(6):72
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Yuchao Shao Jun Zhao Yuyang Long Wenjing Lu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(10):119
Converting biomass materials to humic acid is a sustainable method for humic acid production and achieve biomass valorization. A two-step hydrothermal treatment method was adopted in this study to produce humic acid from corn stalks. In the first step of the process, hydrochar was prepared at different hydrothermal temperatures and pH values. Their chemical properties were then analyzed, and the hydrochar-derived humic acids were produced under alkaline hydrothermal conditions (denoted as HHAalk). The hydrochar, prepared under high temperature (200 °C) and strong acidic (pH 0) conditions, achieved high HHAalk yields (i.e., 67.9 wt% and 68.8 wt% calculated based on weight of hydrochar). The sources of HHAalk formation were as follows: 1) production in the hydrochar preparation stage, and 2) increment under the alkaline hydrothermal treatment of hydrochar. The degree of hydrochar unsaturation was suggested as an indicator for evaluating the hydrochar humification potential under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. This study provides an important reference for the preparation of suitable hydrochar with high hydrothermal humification potential. 相似文献
26.
Characterisation of the abiotic degradation pathways of oxytetracyclines in soil interstitial water using LC-MS-MS 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Halling-Sørensen B Lykkeberg A Ingerslev F Blackwell P Tjørnelund J 《Chemosphere》2003,50(10):1331-1342
The fate of oxytetracyclines (OTCs) in soil interstitial water was investigated and the structure of a number of degradation products elucidated in a time-related experiment. A previously developed separation method for LC–MS–MS able to base separate and quantify OTC and three of its epimers and degradation products was applied. Compounds detected were 4-epi-oxytetracycline (EOTC) (tR=3.0 min), OTC (tR=4.4 min), -apo-oxytetracycline (-apo-OTC) (tR=11.4 min) and β-apo-oxytetracycline (β-apo-OTC) (tR=18.4 min). Furthermore, we tentatively identified 4-epi-N-desmethyl-oxytetracycline (E-N-DM-OTC) (tR=3.0 min), N-desmethyl-oxytetracycline (N-DM-OTC) (tR=3.5), N-didesmethyl-oxytetracycline (N-DDM-OTC), 4-epi-N-didesmethyl-oxytetracycline (E-N-DDM-OTC) (tR=3.7 and 4.7 min) and 2-acetyl-2-decarboxamido-oxytetracycline (tR=8.7) in all samples. Most compounds were only present in trace concentrations (less than 2%) relative to the parent OTC. EOTC was on the other hand formed up to a ratio of 0.6 relative to parent OTC concentration. Only EOTC, E-N-DM-OTC, N-DM-OTC, N-DDM-OTC and E-N-DDM-OTC were formed during the time-related experiment. All other compounds were probably only present as impurities in the spiked OTC formulation as they declined in concentration from the start of the experiment. Half-lives (T1/2, days) of the OTCs in soil interstitial water were in the order of 2 days (EOTC) to 270 days (β-apo-OTC). 相似文献