脉冲厌氧流化床反应器(PAFR反应器)

<正>由广州中环万代环境工程有限公司开发的脉冲厌氧流化床反应器(PAFR反应器),适用于高浓度造纸工业废水处理工艺、工业园区工业废水集中处理、其它高浓度有机工业废水处理工艺。     

络合萃取技术分离制药废水中的金刚烷胺

以P204为络合剂萃取水溶液中的金刚烷胺,研究了正辛醇和煤油2种稀释剂对萃取效果的影响,分析了萃取过程的络合机理和热力学过程,并考察了该萃取体系对实际制药废水中金刚烷胺的萃取效果。结果表明,采用P204/正辛醇=3∶2的复配萃取剂,在初始pH为8.0,在油/水相比为1∶1的条件下,金刚烷胺的萃取效率可以达到99.8%以上;以2.0mol/L的HCl溶液为反萃取剂,可以将51.1%的负载金刚烷胺反萃回收;红外光谱分析表明,P204对金刚烷胺的萃取遵循离子交换和离子缔合成盐机制;萃取过程为放热过程,低温条件下有利于萃取反应的进行;P204/正辛醇复配萃取剂对实际制药废水中的金刚烷胺也具有很高的萃取效率。     

水培芹菜净化不同浓度沼液的试验研究

沼液是畜禽粪尿经厌氧发酵产生的发酵液,随意排放将对环境产生一定危害,有效利用将带来一定的经济效益。用沼液水培芹菜,不仅可以为芹菜提供丰富的营养物质,还能达到废物资源化利用的目的。通过生物浮床工艺,将芹菜水培于不同浓度沼液中,研究其生长特性及其对污染物的去除能力,得出用沼液水培芹菜的最佳稀释倍数。结果表明:经过80 d的种植,稀释30倍的沼液水培的芹菜生物增长量最大;随着沼液稀释倍数的增加,芹菜的茎叶部分与根部中N的质量分数越小。芹菜对稀释100倍沼液中TN的去除率最高,为94.6%;对稀释10倍沼液中TP的去除率最高,为90.6%。沼液经稀释20~50倍之后水培芹菜的TN、TP去除率都较高;稀释30~40倍沼液水培芹菜所取得的环境效益和经济效益较高。     

西安市城市主干道路面径流污染及沉淀特性研究

在西安市城市主干道南二环路建立路面径流采样站,利用自制流量等比例采样装置,采集2009年3-11月的34场降雨径流,测试研究径流SS、COD事件平均浓度(EMC)、有机污染物赋存状态,并就降雨特征对径流污染的影响进行相关分析,还采用累积曲线法对16场径流水样进行沉淀实验,研究沉淀对径流中污染物的去除效果.结果表明,城市...     

新型玻纤／P84复合针刺毡的开发及应用

阐述了玻纤／P84复合毡过滤材料的研制过程、技术方法、使用效果及其应用。玻纤／P84复合针刺毡既要满足高性能、低成本的生产要求,还要适应不断提高的环保要求及复杂工况的要求。     

Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau

The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated （R^2〉0.6） with each other comparing to the weak correlations （R^2〈0.2） between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area.     

含稀醋酸废水中醋酸的回收方法

该发明涉及含稀醋酸废水中醋酸的回收方法,其特点是：先用电渗析法对含稀醋酸废水进行处理,获得质量浓度小于1000mg／L的醋酸极稀溶液,然后用阴离子交换树脂吸附法进一步脱除回收剩余的极稀溶液中的醋酸,使最后排除的废水中醋酸的质量浓度小于50mg／L。该方法将电渗析法与吸附法相结合,既克服了醋酸极稀溶液电导率低、电渗析过程电耗大的缺点,     

NaCl和KCl对厌氧污泥抑制的动力学研究

在厌氧颗粒污泥和厌氧絮状污泥系统中,进行盐质量浓度(NaCl或KCl质量浓度,下同)对厌氧污泥抑制动力学的研究,得到不同拟合的COD降解动力学方程及参数.实验结果表明:当盐质量浓度为10～30 g/L时,KCl对厌氧污泥的COD比降解速率的抑制程度大于NaCl;当盐质量浓度由0 g/L增至10 g/L时,半速率常数逐渐增加;当盐质量浓度由10 g/L增至30 g/L时,半速率常数逐渐减小;在厌氧污泥系统中,NaCl抑制作用下的盐抑制常数高于KCl,且颗粒污泥的盐抑制常数高于絮状污泥.     

固态排渣煤粉炉NOx产生浓度影响因素偏相关分析

利用第一次全国污染源普查“火力发电行业产排污系数核算”工作中现场监测得到的数据,首次采用偏相关分析的方法,对固态排渣煤粉炉中机组规模、空气过剩系数、煤中挥发分和发电负荷率等因素对NOx产生浓度的影响进行定性分析,结论：NOx产生浓度与前三种因素存在显著的相关。而与发电负荷率的关系受锅炉是否采用低氮燃烧技术的影响。空气过剩系数越大,煤的挥发分越高,NOx产生浓度越低;采用低氮燃烧装置的锅炉中,机组规模越大,产生的NOx越少,且对于同一锅炉来说,NOx产生浓度随着发电负荷率的升高而增大;未采用燃烧控制的锅炉中,机组规模越大,NOx产生浓度越高,且与发电负荷率不相关。根据分析结果,提出了控制燃煤电厂固态排渣煤粉炉NOx排放的优化措施和建议。