大型综合购物广场中庭火灾烟气的数值模拟

中庭火灾的烟气流动与控制数值模拟是性能化消防设计的关键。借助Fluent软件,以广州某广场中庭为实例,考虑火源位置和补风口位置两因素,设计了不同的中庭类建筑火灾场景,并建立了数值模型。结果表明:当补风口稍高于火源时,不仅对火源的影响较小,还有利于烟气的排出;烟气中的CO向远距离处迁移时浓度变化较小;发生火灾时,中庭底部烟气的毒性危害高于烟气的高温危害。     

象山港河纯养殖区沉积物-海水界面N、P营养盐的扩散通量

2008年1月、5月和7月3次对象山港河纯网箱养殖区海底沉积物进行了底质表层间隙水和上覆水营养盐(NH4-N,NO2-N,NO3-N,P04-P)的分析,并使用Fick第一定律对该港湾沉积物--海水界面N、P营养盐的扩散通量进行了估算.研究结果表明,养殖区沉积物间隙水中N、P营养盐含量显著高于非养殖区,上覆水和沉积物间隙水中的N从1月份NH4-N为主逐渐转变到7月份以NO3-N为主.养殖区上覆水中NH4-N最高浓度为234.66μmoL/L,NO3-N最高浓度为79.25μmol/L.养殖区上覆水中N、P营养盐的含量均严重超标.N、P营养盐的扩散通量估算结果显示:随着养殖高峰期的到来,沉积物-海水界面N、P营养盐的扩散方向由从沉积物向上覆水扩散逐渐转向从上覆水向沉积物扩散;养殖区扩散通量值相对于非养殖区显著扩大化;NH4-N通量变化最大,从1月份最高700.41μmoL/(m2·d)降低到7月份27.87 μmoL/(m2·d).海水养殖对沉积物中N、P营养盐扩散通量影响显著.     

Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

Early stage toxicity of excess copper to photosystem II of Chlorella pyrenoidosa–OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis

Acute toxicity of excess Cu on the photosynthetic performance of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was examined by using chlorophyll a fluorescence transients and JIP-test after exposure to elevated Cu concentrations for a short time period. High Cu concentration resulted in a significant suppression in photosynthesis and respiration. The absorption flux (ABS/RC) per PSII reaction center increased with increasing Cu concentration, but the electron transport flux (ET₀/RC) decreased. Excess Cu had an insignificant effect on the trapping flux (TR₀/RC). The decline in the efficiency, with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain further than Q_A−(Ψ₀), the maximal quantum yield of primary photochemistry (?_P0), and the quantum yield of electron transport (?_E0) were also observed. The amount of active PSII reaction centers per excited cross section (RC/CS) was also in consistency with the change of photosynthesis when cells were exposed to excess Cu concentration. JIP-test parameters had a good linear relationship with photosynthetic O₂ evolution. These results suggested that the decrease of photosynthesis in exposure to excess Cu may be a result of the inactivation of PSII reaction centers and the inhibition of electron transport in the acceptor side.     

大气CO2浓度升高对水稻生理生态效应的影响

目前大气中CO2浓度在逐步上升,以CO2为主的温室气体浓度增加而引起的温室效应对人类农业生产可能产生很大影响。本文介绍了大气CO2浓度升高对水稻一系列的生理生态效应的影响。未来高CO2浓度下,水稻的生育期会缩短;光合作用有所提高;干物质积累增加,产量显著提高;含N量降低,P吸收增加;促进了根系生长和土壤呼吸等。并对未来的研究作了进一步探讨。     

氧化镁脱硫循环经济实践

笔者所负责天津开发区5号热源厂二期脱硫工程工艺选择时,经过技术经济比较,镁法比钙法年脱硫费用可节省256万元^[3],最终该项目选定氧化镁湿法工艺。其设计脱硫效率高达96.38％。经环保部门检测,在进口烟气SO2浓度2200mg／m^3情况下,该脱硫系统净化后烟气最大SO2折算浓度35.5mg／m^3,平均脱硫效率高达98.6％^[4]。     

降雨-径流与非点源污染物浓度及流失量关系分析——以铁岭市柴河水库上游流域为例

以铁岭市柴河水库上游集水区域为研究对象,利用铁岭市柴河堡水文站降雨时节实测的暴雨径流数据、泥沙数据、污染物浓度数据进行分析,侧重研究降雨时节暴雨径流量与主要污染物浓度及污染物瞬时流失量之间的关系,以期为柴河流域农业非点源污染控制提供参考。研究结果表明:暴雨期内,非点源污染物浓度及瞬时流失量与径流峰值几乎同步出现,它们之间存在着非常密切的关系。     

基于GIS的重庆主城建成区SO2空间分析评价

以重庆主城建成区范围内的9个环境监测点的日均监测数据为例,采用GIS技术,选取环境空气质量评价SO2监测的浓度值,将空气质量自动站每日实测的SO2浓度值进行空间模拟分析研究,反映出主城建城区SO2浓度评价值在空间地图上连续分布,可为环境管理部门提高管理水平和管理效率提供参考。     

一种土壤氡浓度测量方法的改进

通过对CDI-2000土壤测氡仪的排气方式和测量周期的分析,建立了新的测量方法。既充分利用了CDI-2000自动换片、自动抽气的优点,又在不影响测量精度的情况下提高了工作效率,节约了工作成本。     

Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis in removal of pollutant in Taihu Lake, China

Two plant populations of Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis grown in gravel and sediment substrate were studied to assess their capabilities for purifying polluted water in Taihu Lake, China. The substrate displayed most significant effects on the suspended matter (P < 0.01), with the reduction of 76%-87% and 52%-63% for P. australis, and 83%-86% and 45%-62% for T. orientalis in gravel substrate and sediment substrate, respectively. Both species and substrates significantly decreased the N and P conc...