低能离子诱变产表面活性剂的烃降解菌研究

为有效治理石油污染土壤,从长期遭受石油污染的土壤中筛选出一株烃降解菌8-11作为出发菌,利用低能N+注入烃降解菌进行诱变,在能量为20 keV、剂量为90×2.6×1013ions/cm2条件下筛选出一株高效烃降解菌——诱变菌23。原油摇瓶发酵实验表明诱变菌对原油的降解率达到74%;降解后原油的全烃气相色谱图显示,经过7 d的作用,原油中的正构烷烃完全降解。诱变菌23能够产生大量的生物表面活性物质,傅里叶红外光谱分析表明其产生的生物活性物质为糖脂类化合物,该糖脂类生物表面活性剂能使发酵液的表面张力从空白对照的56.1 mN/m降低为29.3 mN/m。研究表明诱变菌23具有较高的烃降解能力,能有效降低表面张力,具有较大的应用潜力。     

微囊藻水华对水体中氮转化及微生物的影响

氮是水生态系统初级生产力的限制性生源要素,认识水体中氮的转化特征有利于调控和削减水体中过量的氮,对维持水生态健康十分重要.氨氧化细菌、氨氧化古菌以及反硝化细菌在氮循环中发挥关键作用.通过在室内构建微宇宙模拟蓝藻水华的重复暴发,发现在蓝藻水华暴发和衰亡短期内,TN、氨氮、TOC浓度快速升高和DO急剧降低,但后期逐渐得到恢复,且水体中的TN在高浓度藻存在下迅速降低.在蓝藻水华暴发和衰亡过程中,太湖水体中氨氧化菌演化为AOB占优势,氨氧化功能活性逐渐恢复,有利于水体中氨氮的去除.蓝藻水华暴发促进太湖水体中含nir S和nir K基因反硝化菌的数量增加至起始的100倍左右,从而促进水体中总氮的去除.     

UV light tolerance and reactivation potential of tetracycline-resistant bacteria from secondary effluents of a wastewater treatment plant

Tetracycline-resistant bacteria (TRB) are of concern as emerging microbial contaminants in reclaimed water. To understand the effects of UV disinfection on TRB, both inactivation and reactivation profiles of TRB, as well as 16 tetracycline-resistant isolates from secondary effluent, were characterized in this study. The inactivation ratio of TRB was significantly lower (3.0-log) than that of heterotrophic bacteria (> 4.0-log) in the secondary effluent. Additionally, the proportion of TRB significantly increased from 1.65% to 15.51% under 20 mJ/cm² ultraviolet (UV) exposure. The inactivation rates of tetracycline-resistant isolates ranged from 0.57/s to 1.04/s, of which tetracycline-resistant Enterobacter-1 was the most tolerant to UV light. The reactivation of TRB, tetracycline-resistant isolated strains, as well as heterotrophic bacteria commonly occurred in the secondary effluent even after 20 mJ/cm² UV exposure. The colony forming ability of TRB and heterotrophic bacteria reached 3.2-log and 3.0-log under 20 mJ/cm² UV exposure after 22 hr incubation. The final inactivation ratio of tetracycline-resistant Enterobacter-1 was 1.18-log under 20 mJ/cm² UV exposure after 22 hr incubation, which is similar to those of TRB (1.18-log) and heterotrophic bacteria (1.19-log). The increased proportion of TRB and the reactivation of tetracycline-resistant enterobacteria in reclaimed water could induce a microbial health risk during wastewater reuse.     

底泥中红霉素耐受菌群的多样性分析

为了正确评估抗生素残留的环境风险,了解长期受低浓度红霉素污染条件下,水体底泥中红霉素耐受菌群结构的变化特点,采用传统的微生物培养法和分子生物学方法对长期受低浓度红霉素污染的水体底泥中红霉素耐受菌群结构的多样性进行了分析.结果表明:采用传统的培养方法,从底泥中可分离筛选出3株对红霉素有耐受能力的菌株,根据其形态学特征及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillussp.)、土壤芽孢杆菌(Solibacillus silvestris)以及蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),其中敏感菌蜡样芽孢杆菌经低浓度红霉素诱导对红霉素表现出一定的耐药性.进一步构建底泥耐药菌群16S rDNA克隆文库发现,底泥中红霉素耐受菌群可分为三大类群,其中未获培养的细菌(Uncultured bacterium)在整个文库中比例最大,占65.06%,其次为芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)和梭菌纲(Clostridia),分别占文库比例33.73%和1.20%.文库中可培养的耐药菌优势类群为芽孢杆菌纲,与传统培养方法得到的结果相一致.上述研究表明,在长期受低浓度红霉素污染的环境中,红霉素耐药菌的存在具有一定的广泛性和潜在性,将可能威胁人类健康和生态系统,应当重视其生态风险评价与管理.     

嗜热溶胞菌SY-14的基本特性研究

对从污泥堆肥中分离得到的具有溶胞能力的嗜热产芽孢杆菌SY-14进行了初步鉴定,并对其生长、产酶及溶胞特性进行了研究.根据菌株形态及16S rDNA测序结果,SY-14为土芽胞杆菌属(Geobacillus sp.).SY-14最适生长温度60℃左右,最适生长pH为6.0～7.0.SY-14培养上清液对完整和加热灭活后的微生物细胞都具有溶胞能力,6 h的细胞溶解率分别可达到70%和85%,上清液经过热处理后溶胞能力明显下降,表明溶胞能力主要来自于酶的作用.间歇培养过程中,SY-14培养上清液溶胞活性在对数生长期快速升高,进入稳定期前后达到最大,之后快速下降.SY-14培养上清液对受试的5株革兰氏阴性菌及部分革兰氏阳性菌都具有溶胞能力.     

太湖沉积物中解磷细菌分布及其与碱性磷酸酶活性的关系

分析了太湖沉积物中解磷细菌的丰度, 测定了不同季节、不同采样点、不同取样深度沉积物中碱性磷酸酶的活性, 探讨了解磷细菌分布与碱性磷酸酶活性的关系.结果表明,解磷菌在表层沉积物中普遍存在, 随着深度的增加, 数量逐渐减少.解磷菌的种类秋季最多,冬季最少, 但解磷能力较强的菌大部分出现在夏季.碱性磷酸酶活性范围为0.001～0.006 mmol·(g·min)^-1, 酶活性呈现较为明显的季节变动, 不同采样点间酶活性差异较大, 随深度的增加, 碱性磷酸酶活性逐渐降低.各采样点碱性磷酸酶在0～12　cm活性较高且变化较大, 12　cm以下深度酶活性较低, 基本稳定在0.001 mmol·(g·min)^-1左右.沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性与解磷菌数量有一定相关性, 相关系数为0.50～0.85.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

砂土中柴油的微生物降解研究

从加油站污染土壤中筛选出对柴油具有较强降解能力的菌株,比较研究菌株及菌群降解柴油的差异,探讨植物苜蓿和芥菜对菌株降解柴油污染物的影响.结果表明:①菌株Q18和菌群对砂土中柴油都具有较强的降解能力,菌群对柴油的降解率明显高于菌株Q18.菌株Q18 和菌群在5 d内对柴油的总降解率分别为40.29%和54.15%.与菌株Q18降解柴油相比,菌群主要是强化了中、长链烷烃化合物的降解.②在砂土中,苜蓿和芥菜都能显著地强化菌株Q18对柴油的降解,但苜蓿强化菌株Q18降解柴油的能力强于芥菜. 5 d内菌株Q18-芥菜和菌株Q18-苜蓿复合体系对柴油总降解率分别达到60.05%和56.68%.③菌群和苜蓿及芥菜复合体系降解柴油的能力也有显著提高,但芥菜强化菌群降解柴油的能力强于苜蓿.5 d内菌群-芥菜和菌群-苜蓿复合体系对柴油总降解率分别为75.53%和70.50%.      

厌氧氨氧化耦合脱氮系统中反硝化细菌研究

采用聚合酶链式反应、分子克隆等分子生物学方法,通过构建nirS克隆文库研究了厌氧氨氧化耦合异养反硝化脱氮系统中的反硝化微生物.进行同源性分析和系统发育树构建,结果表明,从nirS克隆文库中随机挑选的100个克隆子中有51个阳性克隆子,共分为12个操作单元.经比对发现这些微生物主要为变形菌门细菌和未知菌类,其中β-proteobacteria占据绝对优势且有较多种类,少部分属于 γ-proteobacteria.     

Purification of AS-CMP effluent by combined photosynthetic bacteria and coagulation treatment

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