PCB118对GT1-7细胞GnRH分泌及Kisspeptin/GPR54信号通路蛋白表达的影响

为研究多氯联苯118(polychlorinated biphenyl 118,PCB118)对GT1-7细胞的毒性作用,探讨其对促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)分泌的影响及相关机制,在PCB118作用GT1-7细胞后,分析了细胞存活率、GnRH分泌水平以及Kisspeptin/GPR54信号通路中关键蛋白的表达水平。结果表明,PCB118(0.05～50 000 nmol·L-1)分别作用GT1-7细胞6、12、24和48 h后,细胞存活率随PCB118浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而显著降低。但只有在高浓度(50 000nmol·L-1)条件下,PCB118才能显著促进GT1-7细胞释放乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)。PCB118作用GT1-7细胞6 h后,5、500和50 000 nmol·L-1组能显著抑制GnRH的分泌,并降低Kisspeptin/GPR54信号通路中GnRH、G蛋白偶联受体54(G-protein-coupled receptor 54,GPR54)、磷脂酶C(phospholipase C,PLC)和蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC)等关键蛋白的表达水平;作用24 h,500和50 000 nmol·L-1PCB118能显著抑制GnRH的分泌,并降低GnRH、GPR54、PLC和PKC等关键蛋白的表达水平。研究表明:PCB118对GT1-7细胞具有细胞增殖毒性作用,呈现一定的剂量和时间效应; PCB118能在一定程度上抑制GT1-7细胞GnRH的合成与分泌,并下调Kisspeptin/GPR54信号通路中GnRH、GPR54、PLC和PKC等关键蛋白的表达水平,推测Kisspeptin/GPR54信号通路可能参与介导了PCB118对GT1-7细胞GnRH分泌的抑制作用。     

废电路板非金属材料再生利用技术现状分析

废电路板金属成分分离回收过程中产生了占其质量近50%～80%的非金属材料废物,其已成为电子废物处理的难题。文章首先对废电路板非金属材料的产生特性、处理和处置、资源化利用技术和方法现状进行了对比分析。在此基础上,结合对非金属材料的来源特征、成分组成和界面微观特性等各方面分析研究,提出了非金属材料制备复合材料再生利用的技术工艺方案。     

PCB废水中有机物的来源及处理方法研究进展

印制电路板(Printed Circuit Board,简称为PCB)废水中的有机物来源较多,种类复杂,有机物的存在不但影响废水的分类,且对PCB废水处理工艺也有重要的影响.本文对PCB有机物的来源作了较详细的探讨分析,并对有机废水的处理提出合适的方法工艺,对PCB企业的废水治理具有重要意义.     

超临界CO_2流体环境中线路板的热分析

在无氧环境中,当温度加热到300℃以上时,线路板中的粘接材料(溴化环氧树脂)就会发生热解反应,这是利用热解法回收废旧线路板的理论依据.在超临界CO2流体环境中,当温度达到260℃时,线路板中的环氧树脂也会发生不完全热解反应.本文建立了高温高压下线路板的热分析模型,并对线路板内部的热应力进行研究,发现其对整个反应过程起到了一定的推动作用.     

太湖流域水源地悬浮颗粒物中的PAH、OCP和PCB

于2010年5月和9月分别对太湖流域水源地悬浮颗粒物(SPM)中的PAH、OCP和PCB的残留水平进行了检测和分析.结果表明,研究区PAH、OCP和PCB的含量分别为806.9~3815.3ng/g、10.04~50.86ng/g和2.20~5.06ng/g.与5月份相比,9月份的大部分采样点三种污染物含量有所增加.PAH中HMW-PAHs的含量占优势,主要来源于石油类排放、石油及其精炼产品的不完全燃烧,少量来源于煤和生物质的不完全燃烧.OCP中DDTs的含量占优势,研究区有新的HCHs和林丹输入,但DDTs没有新的输入.Aroclor检出率最高的为Aroclor1016与Aroclor1260,这可能与我国主要生产和使用的PCBs产品有关.相对于国内外其他地区监测结果和评价标准,研究区SPM所受PAH、OCP和PCB污染较轻,大部分地区均低于生态影响低值LEL,生态风险较小.     

嗜酸菌对废旧印刷线路板金属铜的浸出研究

选用嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称T.f)、氧化硫硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thiooxidans,简称T.t)作为实验菌种研究其对线路板(Printed circuit board)粉金属铜的浸出;试验以单一菌种、混合菌种、无菌培养基及酸性蒸馏水进行浸出实验研究,通过对比不同条件下的浸出效果,得出单一氧化亚铁硫杆菌(T.f)的浸出效果最好,浸出率达到92.1%。通过对浸出过程中pH、ORP及Fe2+、Fe3+变化分析,发现Fe3+的氧化作用在铜的浸出过程中起主导作用,酸浸也有一定的贡献;对浸出后残余的PCB进行XRD及SEM观察分析发现,PCB组成成分中含有大量的酚烃、苯酚及邻、对位取代酚以及少量的长链烷烃及其脂肪烃,此类有机物在浸出过程中均与细菌或其代谢物发生了作用。     

Photocatalytic decomposition on nano-TiO₂: destruction of chloroaromatic compounds

Photocatalysis is applied increasingly in addressing and solving environmental and energy-related problems. Especially the TiO₂-derived catalysts attract attention because of their catalytic efficiency, wide range of applications, ease in use, and low cost (it costs about 150 Yuan a kilogram in China). This review first describes the principles of photocatalytic destruction by semiconductors and then focuses on degradation rates and reaction mechanisms in a variety of photocatalytic uses of modified TiO₂. Finally, these concepts are illustrated by selected examples relating to the photocatalytic degradation of organic persistent pollutants, such as polychlorinated benzenes (PCBz), biphenyls (PCB) and dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). And some approaches towards industrial application are analyzed.     

Fish consumption reduces transfer of BDE47 from dam to murine offspring

Fish and seafood are important contributions to a healthy diet, but also contain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Discrepancies have been found between intake and accumulated levels of POPs, where fish consumers have had similar levels of POPs to the general population. Similarly fish oil consumption has been found to reduce accumulation of POPs. This study examined the accumulation of BDE47 or PCB153 in mice fed diets with different nutritional composition, using female mice with pre-weanling pups exposed through gestation and lactation. A fish-based diet was compared to a standard casein-based rodent diet. All diets had low background levels of environmental contaminants and were spiked with BDE47 or PCB153 to levels representing a realistic (∼0.004 μmol kgbw⁻¹ d) or a high dietary exposure (∼1.3 μmol kgbw⁻¹ d). Accumulation of BDE47 or PCB153 in offspring tissues after 18 d lactation reflected the maternal exposure levels. However, the pups of dams fed a fish-based diet had consistently lower BDE47 accumulation in liver, fat and stomach than pups from casein-fed dams. Similarly the pups of dams fed a high dose of PCB153 in a fish diet also accumulated less PCB153 than pups of the dams fed a casein diet, although not significant. In conclusion, the fish based diets seemed to reduce transfer of BDE47 and PCB153 from dams to pups. The study highlights that in-depth knowledge about nutritional impact on toxicokinetics is of great interest to vulnerable consumers.     

Atmospheric concentrations, occurrence and deposition of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in a Mediterranean coastal site (Etang de Thau, France)

Atmospheric concentrations and deposition fluxes of PCDD/F and PCB have been evaluated over a 1-year period in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Etang de Thau, France). Indicative PBDE air concentrations in the hot season are also reported in this work. ∑2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs and ∑18PCBs (gas + particulate) air concentrations ranged from 67 to 1700 fg m⁻³ and from 13 to 95 pg m⁻³, respectively whereas ∑8PBDEs (gas + particulate) summer time levels varied from 158 to 230 pg m⁻³. The PCDD/F and PCB atmospheric occurrence over Thau lagoon and subsequent inputs to the surface waters are determined by an assemble of factors, being the seasonality of atmospheric concentration, the air mass origin and meteorological conditions important drivers. Total (wet + dry) ∑2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs and ∑18PCBs deposition fluxes to Thau Lagoon waters are 117 and 715 pg m⁻² d⁻¹, respectively.     

Seasonal variation in the levels of organohalogen compounds in herring (Clupea harengus) from the Norwegian Sea

The Norwegian spring spawning (NSS) herring is an ecologically important fish stock in the Norwegian Sea, and with a catch volume exceeding one million tons a year it is also economically important and a valuable food source. In order to provide a baseline of the levels of contaminants in this fish stock, the levels of organohalogen compounds were determined in 800 individual herring sampled at 29 positions in the Norwegian Sea and off the coast of Norway. Due to seasonal migration, the herring were sampled where they were located during the different seasons. Concentrations of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs, non-dioxin-like PCBs (PCB₇) and PBDEs were determined in fillet samples of individual herring, and found to be relatively low, with means (min-max) of 0.77 (0.24-3.5) ng TEQ kg⁻¹ wet weight (ww), 5.0 (1.4-24) μg kg⁻¹ ww and 0.47 (0.091-3.1) μg kg⁻¹ ww, respectively. The concentrations varied throughout the year due to the feeding- and spawning cycle: Starved, pre-spawning herring caught off the Norwegian coast in January-February had the highest levels and those caught in the Norwegian Sea in April-June, after further starvation and spawning, had the lowest levels. These results show that the concentrations of organohalogen compounds in NSS herring are relatively low and closely tied to their physiological condition, and that in the future regular monitoring of NSS herring should be made in the spawning areas off the Norwegian coast in late winter.