Testosterone concentrations and male genital organ morphology in Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris) dietary exposed to organohalogen contaminants

This study investigated whether low-level, long-term in utero and post-natal exposure to organohalogen pollutants disrupts male reproductive organ morphology and testosterone production in Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris), as a model of Arctic top predators feeding on marine mammals. Six male dogs were followed for 1 year and testosterone concentrations, testes/baculum morphology and baculum bone mineral density (BMD) was determined. Three males were exposed to organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) in utero through maternal dietary intake of minke whale blubber (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), with a post-weaning ∑OHC intake of 10.4–11.7 µg kg^?1 day^?1 resulting in an adipose tissue range of ∑OHC 4518–5729 ng (g lw)^?1 after 1 year. Three control males were exposed to very low concentrations of OHCs through pork fat. No significant differences were seen in plasma testosterone concentrations, baculum weight, BMD, and testicular length in the six male dogs (control, n = 3 and exposed, n = 3) measured at 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 months of age. Testicular weights were significantly lower in the exposed group (p = 0.015, n = 2). Although this study had a limited number of animals, it was observed that in utero and the following 12 months of chronic exposure to a complex mixture of contaminants in the form of naturally accumulated OHCs does not affects testosterone levels, but possibly affects testicular weights in sledge dogs.     

Crystallization and X‐ray structure of 3,3’,4‐trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 35)∗

A method for the preparation of single crystals of PCB 35 suitable for single crystal X‐ray structure determination was developed. This method has already been proven suitable for 2,4'‐dichlorobiphenyl and may prove useful for other PCBs or related compounds. The crystals of PCB 35 are orthorhombic, spacegroup P2₁22₁ (a= 10.665(8), 6 = 3.825(3), c= 14.086(9) Å) and the structure was refined to R = 0.094 for 156 unique observed reflections and 43 parameters. Although the crystals were of poor quality, the structure determination unequivocally confirmed the substitution pattern of the biphenyl moiety by Cl atoms inferred previously from spectroscopic methods. The dihedral angle between the planes of the two phenyl rings is 33(2)°.     

纳米零价铁对溶液中PCB77的降解及其影响因素

设计了以溶液初始pH值、3,3’,4,4’-四氯联苯(PCB77)初始浓度、纳米零价铁(Fe0)投加量、纳米零价硅(Si0)投加量、腐殖酸和环糊精浓度为影响因素的正交试验,研究纳米Fe0降解PCB77时各因素对反应体系中PCB77残留率、氢离子浓度及氧化还原电位变化的影响及其相互关系。结果表明,在溶液初始pH值为4.5,初始ρ(PCB77)为1 mg.L-1,纳米Fe0投加量为10 g.L-1,纳米Si0投加量为0,ρ(腐殖酸)为0.25 g.L-1,ρ(环糊精)为1 g.L-1时,反应2 h后,PCB77残留率最低,为35.2%。溶液初始pH值对反应体系中PCB77的残留率影响最大,纳米Fe0投加量次之;溶液初始pH值对反应体系中氢离子浓度变化影响最大,环糊精投加量次之;PCB77初始浓度对反应体系中氧化还原电位变化影响最大,纳米Fe0投加量次之。     

Comparative Toxicity of PCBs and PBDEs Using Human Cancer Cell Lines and Zebrafish Embryos

研究了6种多氯联苯(PCBs)3,3′,4,4′-四氯联苯(PCB77)、2,3,3′,4,4′-五氯联苯(PCB105)、2,3′,4,4′,5-五氯联苯(PCB118)、3,3′,4,4′,5-五氯联苯(PCB126)、2,3,3',4,4',5-六氯联苯(PCB156)和商业型混合多氯联苯Aroclor1254,两种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)2,2′,4,4′-四溴二苯醚(PBDE47)、十溴二苯醚(PBDE209)对人类癌细胞生长和斑马鱼脱膜与不脱膜胚胎发育的影响.8种化合物均使用0.01、0.1、1.0、10μmol·L-14个浓度进行1~6d的暴露实验.结果表明,PBDE209在最高浓度10μmol·L-1下对结肠癌细胞HCT116(暴露3d后)和RKO(暴露5d后)具有显著的生长抑制作用,所有化合物均对乳腺癌细胞没有显著影响.相比之下,化合物对受精后5~6h(5~6hpf)的斑马鱼胚胎的毒性效应显得比较明显,而各化合物对胚胎的致畸和致死效应又不相同,其毒性强弱依次为PCB126≈PCB156>PCB1254(Aroclor1254)>PBDE47>PCB77>PCB105≈PCB118≈PBDE209.其中PBDE209在未脱膜暴毒后均无致畸与致死现象,脱膜暴毒后最高浓度才表现出显著意义的致畸作用,而PBDE47在最高浓度下可产生高达80%的致畸率,这说明胚胎绒毛膜具有有效阻挡大分子物质如PBDE209进入的作用.PCBs的毒性效应与其空间结构密切相关.如PCB126和PCB105具有相同的分子式,前者在1μmol·L-1下就引起了显著的致死和致畸效应,而后者即使在10μmol·L-1下也没有显著的效应.实验结果也说明不同类型的实验对象所展示的毒性效应并不相同,化合物对体外培养的细胞和发育中的胚胎具有不同的影响.     

福建近岸表层海水中阴离子表面活性剂和PCB的污染

用亚甲蓝分光光度法和GC-ECD法分别对福建近岸表层海水中的阴离子表面活性剂和PCBs进行了分析,初步探讨了表层海水中这两类污染物的来源.表层海水中阴离子表面活性剂浓度范围为0.04～1.987 mg/L,较高浓度值站点主要位于九龙江口、闽江口和湄洲湾海域.PCBs的浓度在3.9～367.1 ng/L之间,整体上近岸站点浓度值比离岸站点高,中北部浓度值比南部高.与其他地区的研究结果及海水水质标准进行比较,福建沿海表层海水中阴离子表面活性剂和PCB的污染都较为严重.     

表面活性剂溶液中多氯联苯溶解的特性

对表面活性剂溶液中多氯联苯的溶解特性进行了研究.发现非离子型表面活性剂对多氯联苯增溶效果优于阴离子型表面活性剂;在浓度大于临界胶束浓度(CMC)范畴,不但表面活性剂的增溶效果远较其浓度低于CMC时为佳,而且表面活性剂浓度与多氯联苯的溶解度成正比地线性相关,此结果说明,表面活性剂主要通过形成胶束来增加多氯联苯的溶解度.多氯联苯在非离子型表面活性剂胶束溶液中与在正己烷中的紫外-可见光谱相似,进一步说明胶束内的多氯联苯分子主要分布于类似正己烷的疏水胶核区域.在十二烷基醇聚氧乙烯(10)醚溶液中,所试多氯联苯的辛醇-水分配系数(K_ow)与其胶束-水分配系数(K_m)存在很好的线性相关关系.     

不同进水方式人工湿地除污效率对比分析

研究了人工湿地在间歇流、连续流进水方式下处理生活污水的效率．并进行了对比分析。在平均水力负荷4.8cm／d时，间歇流和连续流人工湿地COD平均去除率分别为78％和64％；NH3-N平均去除率分别为60％和44％；TP平均去除率均为53％。结果表明，间歇流进水能够提高床体内的含氧量，缓解植物根系放氧不足．提高了污染物去除率。     

AF+BAF深度处理PCB生产废水的试验研究

针对PCB废水难降解及含重金属铜的特点,在经过一系列的物化处理的基础上,采用AF+BAF组合工艺对其进行深度处理。试验研究中,通过控制污水在反应器中的停留时间,使得废水在AF中水解酸化,以增加废水的可生化性,在此基础上利用BAF的生物膜来去除污水中剩余的有机物。试验结果表明,试验系统对PCB废水中的COD、Cu2+去除效果良好,出水COD、Cu2+的含量分别稳定在10~50mg/L和0.02~0.1mg/L,达到排放标准。     

云桌面终端电源端传导骚扰和辐射骚扰整改案例

某云桌面终端在进行中国强制性认证(CCC)时,电磁兼容试验项目电源端传导骚扰、辐射骚扰测试均出现超标现象。将重点从PCB板级电路EMC设计方面剖析其测试不合格原因,并给出相应的整改措施,最后对此案例进行总结,给出类似电子产品在PCB设计时的注意事项,以期能给PCB设计工程师提供一些参考意见。     

Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants in surface soils from Surabaya, Indonesia

In this study, soil contamination by PCBs, PBDEs, HBCDs and two novel BFRs such as 1,2-bis-(2,4,6-tribromopenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in various locations such as industrial, urban, rural, dumping site and agricultural areas of Surabaya, Indonesia has been characterized in order to evaluate their contamination status, profiles, potential sources, fate and behavior. Range and median concentrations of PCBs, PBDEs, HBCDs, BTBPE and DBDPE were ND - 9.6 (1.2), 0.069 - 24 (7.4), ND - 1.8 (0.48), ND - 1.7 (0.14) and ND - 7.6 (2.2) ng g⁻¹ dw, respectively. Industrial, urban and dumping areas were inventoried as the main sources of these pollutants. Decreasing gradient levels were observed for these contaminants from industrial district, urban, dumping site, rural and agricultural areas, in that order. Furthermore, organic carbon contents and proximity to the point sources were found as the major controlling factors. Contaminant profiles were characterized by the predominance of hexa-, hepta- and penta-homologues for PCBs; deca-, nona- and octa- for PBDEs and α-isomer for HBCDs. Product mixtures such as Ar1260/KC600 and Ar1254/KC500 for PCBs, deca- and octa-BDEs for PBDEs were the possible common formulations used in study area. To our knowledge, this is a first comprehensive study on characterization of soil contamination by PCBs, PBDEs and HBCDs together with two novel BFRs in a highly industrialized city located in tropical region. This study provides baseline information for establishing national monitoring programs in Indonesia.