Electrochemical oxidation of polyethylene glycol in electroplating solution using paraffin composite copper hexacyanoferrate modified (PCCHM) anode

Electrochemical oxidation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in an acidic(pH 0.18 to 0.42) and high ionic strength electroplating solution was investigated. The electroplating solution is a major source of wastewater in the printing wiring board industry. A paraffin composite copper hexacyanoferrate modified(PCCHM) electrode was used as the anode and a bare graphite electrode was used as the cathode. The changes in PEG and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations during the course of the reaction were monitored. The efficiency of the PCCHM anode was compared with bare graphite anode and it was found that the former showed significant electrocatalytic property for PEG and TOC removal. Chlorides present in the solution were found to contribute significantly in the overall organic removal process. Short chain organic compounds like acetic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid and ethylene glycol formed during electrolysis were identified by HPLC method. Anode surface area and applied current density were found to influence the electro-oxidation process, in which the former was found to be dominating. Investigations of the kinetics for the present electrochemical reaction suggested that the two stage first-order kinetic model provides a much better representation of the overall mechanism of the process if compared to the generalized kinetic model.     

Coating independent cytotoxicity of citrate- and PEG-coated silver nanoparticles on a human hepatoma cell line

The antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) resulted in their increasing incorporation into consumer,industrial and biomedical products.Therefore,human and environmental exposure to AgNPs(either as an engineered product or a contaminant)supports the emergent research on the features conferring them different toxicity profiles.In this study,30 ran AgNPs coated with citrate or poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) were used to assess the influence of coating on the effects produced on a human hepatoma cell line(HepG2),namely in terms of viability,apoptosis,apoptotic related genes,cell cycle and cyclins gene expression.Both types of coated AgNPs decreased cell proliferation and viability with a similar toxicity profile.At the concentrations used(11 and 5 μg/mL corresponding to IC50 and-IC10 levels,respectively) the amount of cells undergoing apoptosis was not significant and the apoptotic related genes BCL2(anti-apoptotic gene)and BAX(pro-apoptotic gene) were both downregulated.Moreover,both AgNPs affected HepG2 cell cycle progression at the higher concentration(11 μg/mL) by increasing the percentage of cells in S(synthesis phase) and G2(Gap 2 phase) phases.Considering the cell-cycle related genes,the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin E1 genes were decreased.Thus,this work has shown that citrate- and PEG-coated AgNPs impact on HepG2 apoptotic gene expression,cell cycle dynamics and cyclin regulation in a similar way.More research is needed to determine the properties that confer AgNPs at lower toxicity,since their use has proved helpful in several industrial and biomedical contexts.     

碳纳米管接枝聚乙二醇负载ZnO的制备与表征

利用聚乙二醇接枝的多壁碳纳米管（MWNT-g-PEG）作为介质,在低温下,通过溶胶-凝胶法在PEG修饰后的MWNT表面负载花瓣状的纳米氧化锌（ZnO）。通过X射线衍射、红外波谱、扫描电镜和透射电镜对MWNT-g-PEG/ZnO纳米复合材料进行表征和分析。结果表明ZnO纳米粒子和MWNT之间结合紧密,ZnO的尺寸比较均一,推测了ZnO纳米粒子在MWNT表面的生长机理。MWNT表面的PEG对ZnO的负载起着重要的作用,它是ZnO原位生长的活性点。     

红豆草与苜蓿原生质体融合过程中小泡的形成

通过高钙离子浓度、高pH值方法结合PEG处理诱导红豆草羟脯氨酸抗性系和苜蓿根癌农杆菌转化系原生质体融合,融合机制表现为两种形式,第一种为相连膜在中间部位形成一个大的小泡,第二种为随相连膜的解体产生很多较少的泡状结构,融合过程中形成的小泡直接来自凝集膜,而不是亚显微小泡相互融包的产物,温度明显影响原生质体融合的频率和速度,甘油和二甲基亚砜可以防止膜破裂,从而促进原生质体融合,培养20d以后,在选择培养基得到含10－20个细胞的细胞团。     

活性炭臭氧氧化处理水中聚乙二醇的研究

采用活性炭悬浮式光化学反应仪进行了光催化臭氧氧化不同分子量的聚乙二醇(200-20000)水溶液的研究,考察了臭氧氧化、UV、活性炭吸附和活性炭催化臭氧氧化等不同条件下COD去除率效率,证明活性炭不仅具有对有机物的吸附作用而且同时也具有对臭氧氧化的催化作用。聚乙二醇在活性炭上的吸附特性对其降解具有重要的作用,但是在此系统中不能够完全降解聚乙二醇。     

Sorption and mobility of polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) in tropical soils

Millions of tons of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are manufactured worldwide and most of them will reach conventional sewage disposal systems after industrial utilization. This raises environmental concerns, but not much is known about the environmental fate of these polymers. The main goals of this research were to evaluate sorption and mobility of PEG in sandier soils of Brazil. PEG 4000 was applied to the soils either freely in solution or as a simulated bioassay residue. The bioassay was prepared to simulate PEG as it is present in the animal feces. It allowed us to compare PEG mobility for both forms of environment disposal. PEG showed very low sorption (<22% of the applied PEG) and high mobility potential (>43% of the applied amount in the free-PEG and >24% of the applied amount in the bioassay-PEG experiment) in the studied soils. When PEG was applied, simulating its supply to animal diets, about 30% of its applied amount was retained into the bioassay residues and its leaching potential was reduced, whereas the remaining amount (about 70%) was readily available in solution and could be directly released into the environment.     

提高柠檬酸钠净化甲苯废气效率的实验研究

以柠檬酸钠溶液为吸收剂,添加三种不同的添加剂在填料塔中进行了吸收法净化含甲苯有机废气的实验研究。在相同的工艺条件下,分别研究了添加柠檬酸,无机盐助剂、聚乙二醇(PEG200)以及三者的组成对柠檬酸钠吸收剂去除甲苯效果的影响。实验结果表明,当5%柠檬酸钠吸收剂分别添加柠檬酸时pH=6,无机盐0.05%硅酸钠、0.1%磷酸钠和0.1%碳酸钠,0.5%聚乙二醇时,对甲苯净化效率及吸收容量都有显著提高。当三种添加剂组合时效果更佳。     

WO3和PEG改性TiO2的制备及光催化性能研究

首次使用PEG作为TiO2改性的主要物质,用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2-WO3颗粒,TiO2-PEG颗粒、TiO2-PEG-WO3颗粒和TiO2颗粒。通过对甲基橙光催化的研究表明：在同样条件下,TiO2-PEG400颗粒的甲基橙光降解效果明显优于其他颗粒,甲基橙光降解率最高达到97．5％。