船舶柴油机NOx后处理技术的进展

根据国内外的降低NOx排放方面最新的成果和科研动态，主要介绍了当前正在研究或者已经应用于实际的有效降低柴油机NOx排放的技术措施，并分析了各种技术方法的特点和在实际应用过程中面临的问题。     

基于高分辨率MARGA分析桂林市PM2.5水溶性离子特征

利用高时间分辨率MARGA于2017年2月17日~3月24日在桂林市开展PM_2.5组分监测，结合同一点位环境和气象监测数据，分析桂林市大气PM_2.5水溶性无机离子组分特征及气溶胶酸性.结果表明：MARGA监测的PM_2.5中8种水溶性离子与PM_2.5变化趋势一致.8种水溶性离子总浓度均值29.27μg/m³，3种二次水溶性离子SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺浓度均值26.91μg/m³，占水溶性离子总浓度的93.50%，是桂林市大气PM_2.5的主要组分.二次水溶性离子SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺和NO₃^-两两之间存在显著正相关性（相关系数均>0.80），提示二次离子产生的机制及在大气中的演化、沉积具有一定的相似性.无论有无降雨，能见度（Vis）均随着水溶性离子，尤其是二次水溶性离子浓度的增加呈幂函数规律递减.24h累计降雨量≥ 10.0mm时，湿清除作用明显.晴天及降雨量不大的天气下，需注意管控机动车尾气、生物质燃烧和扬尘污染.SOR、NOR分别为0.35、0.12，SO₂同时通过均相和非均相氧化反应转化为SO₄^2-，NO_x主要是通过白天光化学反应转化为NO₃^-.大多数离子和气态前体物均存在明显的日变化规律，这与物质的来源、形成机制和气象条件不同有关.CE/AE摩尔浓度均值为1.5，桂林市PM_2.5总体偏碱性.PM_2.5中SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、Cl^-主要以（NH₄）₂SO₄、NH₄NO₃和NH₄Cl形式存在.PM_2.5中NH₄⁺可能与监测点位交通源排放有关，桂林市应加强交通污染物排放管控.     

城市交通机动车污染控制研究进展

城市交通机动车污染问题非常复杂，在许多不可控因素，城市交通是一个动态系统，污染物排放量始终处于变化之中，控制城市交通污染，必须严格控制机动车排放，该文介绍了国内外对城市机动车污染控制研究的概况，以及几种城市中污染物扩散的模型，展望了这方面研究前发展趋势，并提出了可持续发展的效能系统设计与管理的新概念。     

Chance-constrained programming (CCP)abatement of SO_2 emission for acid deposition control in Liuzhou City

A deterministic linear programming model which optimizes the abatement of each SO2 emission source, is extended into a CCP form by introducing equations of probabilistic constrained through the incorporation of uncertainty in the source-receptor-specific transfer coefficients. Based on the calculation of SO2 and sulfate average residence time for Liuzhou City, a sulfur deposition model has been developed and the distribution of transfer coefficients have been found to be approximately log-normal. Sulfur removal minimization of the model shows that the abatement of emission sources in the city is more effective, while control cost optimization provides the lowest cost programmes for source abatement at each allowable deposition limit under varied environmental risk levels. Finally a practicable programme is recommended.     

Methodological and Practical Considerations for Developing Multiproject Baselines for Electric Power and Cement Industry Projects in Central America

The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas (CSDA) conducted technical studies and organized two training workshops to develop capacity in Central America for the evaluation of climate change projects. This paper describes the results of two baseline case studies conducted for these workshops, one for the power sector and one for the cement industry, that were devised to illustrate certain approaches to baseline setting. Multiproject baseline emission rates (BERs) for the main Guatemalan electricity grid were calculated from 2001 data. In recent years, the Guatemalan power sector has experienced rapid growth; thus, a sufficient number of new plants have been built to estimate viable BERs. We found that BERs for baseload plants offsetting additional baseload capacity ranged from 0.702 kgCO2/kWh (using a weighted average stringency) to 0.507 kgCO2/kWh (using a 10th percentile stringency), while the baseline for plants offsetting load-following capacity is lower at 0.567 kgCO2/kWh. For power displaced from existing load-following plants, the rate is higher, 0.735 kgCO2/kWh, as a result of the age of some plants used for meeting peak loads and the infrequency of their use. The approved consolidated methodology for the Clean Development Mechanism yields a single rate of 0.753 kgCO2/kWh. Due to the relatively small number of cement plants in the region and the regional nature of the cement market, all of Central America was chosen as the geographic boundary for setting cement industry BERs. Unfortunately, actual operations and output data were unobtainable for most of the plants in the region, and many data were estimated. Cement industry BERs ranged from 205 kgCO2 to 225 kgCO2 per metric ton of cement.     

Game theory approach to optimal capital cost allocation in pollution control

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基于Maplnfo的项目排污可行性论证的研究与实践

Maplnfo是一种桌面GIS,功能非常强大。主要包括：地图输入、处理能力;关系型数据库功能;数据查询分析功能;多样化数据表达能力;功能齐全的系统开发工具;精美的地图输出功能;支持多种硬件操作平台;高精度的地图数据产品。该文重点运用Maplnfo的SQL查询功能,进行了建设项目排污可行性论证研究和实践,并实现了建设项目排污可行性论证的具体对象和可视化。     

上海市大气PM2.5中溶剂可抽提有机物的特征研究

利用溶剂抽提、分离、毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术对2000年10月至2001年8月上海市5个不同功能区采集的大气PM_(2.5)样品中的溶剂可抽提有机物进行了检测,共检测出正构烷烃、单环芳烃、多环芳烃、有机酸、有机醇、有机酯等各类溶剂可抽提有机化合物267种。检出的82种多环芳烃中有15种属于美国EPA优先控制污染物名单。比较了不同季节、不同区域PM_(2.5)样品中正构烷烃、多环芳烃等化合物分布特征的差异。检出的喹啉类含氮杂环类化合物以及有机酸等污染物表现出一定的机动车排放特征。     

环境因素对芦苇湿地CH4排放的影响

用封闭式箱法对辽河三角洲芦苇湿地温室气体CH4 排放进行了长期观测 .结果表明 ,CH4 排放有明显的季节变化规律 ,平均通量为 52 0 μg·m- 2 ·h- 1.土壤产CH4 活性主要发生在 0～ 5cm土层中 ,并随土层深度的增加而显著下降 .CH4 排放受环境因素影响很大 ,土壤氧化还原电位在 -1 1 0mV时就有CH4 排放 ,其排放量随氧化还原电位的下降而增加 .另外 ,随着淹水深度的增加 ,CH4 排放反而减少 .在测定期内 ,CH4 排放与温度呈明显的正相关 (R2 =0 1 96,n =2 1 ,P <0 .0 5) .     

利用XPS研究复合氧化物催化剂在汽车尾气净化中硫中毒及抗硫中毒机理

运用ＸＰＳ分析方法研究一系列复合氧化物催化剂中毒前后硫在其表面的各种形态及催化剂活性组分中毒前后的组成，价态，化学机理及其变化。结果表明，ＳＯ２在催化剂活性中心进行化学吸附，然后一部分ＳＯ２与活性组分生成相应的亚硫酸盐和硫酸盐，从而使催化剂失活。