活性污泥与生物膜复合工艺处理石化废水的研究

实验研究了活性污泥与生物膜复合工艺(HP)对石化废水的处理效果,并与活性污泥工艺(ASP)进行对比研究.结果表明,HP对石化废水中COD的去除效果略好于ASP,而对NH3-N的去除效果明显优于ASP.另外,两种工艺对硫化物和油的去除效果类似.提高进水负荷时,HP表现出较强的耐冲击负荷能力.以2L/h连续运行时,石化废水...     

改性硅藻土用于巢湖水脱磷研究

采用改性硅藻土强化混凝处理巢湖水,以达到除磷的目的.研究了改性硅藻土除磷最适操作条件,并将改性硅藻土同几种常规混凝剂的处理效果和其经济性进行了对比.结果表明:改性硅藻土和水的混合搅拌速度梯度为260 s-1左右,絮凝反应速度梯度为20 s-1左右,絮凝时间15 min,沉淀时间1 h,改性硅藻土投加量50～100 mg...     

低剂量臭氧的直接通加对活性污泥的活性、微生物种群及污泥减量化的影响

研究构建了2个容积为1.1 L的好氧活性污泥反应器（即1号和2号反应器）1,号反应器每天直接通加低剂量臭氧（投加量为0.01 g O3/g TSS）,不加臭氧的2号反应器作为对照平行运行,均采用每天换一次人工污水的充/排式操作。运行71 d的结果表明2,个反应器对人工污水COD的处理效果基本相同。反应器运行40 d后1,号反应器的污泥浓度比2号反应器的污泥浓度低1 400～1 700 mg/L并可稳定在8 200 mg/L,污泥减量化效果明显。低剂量臭氧的直接通加明显降低了胞内ATP浓度,并影响了微生物的抗氧化活性,2号反应器的平均超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶酶活比1号反应器分别高了24.3%和9.5%。PCR-DGGE对两反应器微生物种群的分析结果表明：Uncultured gammaproteobacteria bacteri-um、Nannocystis exedens和Uncultured actinobacterium为1号反应器的主要种群;而2号反应器的主要种群为Uncultured bacte-rium和Uncultured gammaproteobacteria bacterium。     

聚合氯化铝污泥对磷的吸附动力学及热力学

聚合氯化铝污泥（polyaluminium chloride sludge,PACS）是指以聚合氯化铝（PAC）为混凝剂的城镇给水厂在生产过程中所产生的污泥。采用批量吸附实验考察了PACS对磷的吸附动力学及热力学行为。结果表明,吸附反应发生1 h后,PACS对磷的吸附量达到平衡吸附量的75%～90%,随后PACS对磷的...     

Chicken manure enhanced yield and quality of field-grown kale and collard greens

Organic matter and nutrients in municipal sewage sludge (SS) and chicken manure (CM) could be recycled and used for land farming to enhance fertility and physical properties of soils. Three soil management practices were used at Kentucky State University Research Farm, Franklin County, to study the impact of soil amendments on kale (Brassica oleracea cv. Winterbar) and collard (Brassica oleracea cv. Top Bunch) yields and quality. The three soil management practices were: (i) SS mixed with native soil at 15 t acre^?1, (ii) CM mixed with native soil at 15 t acre^?1, and (iii) no-mulch (NM) native soil for comparison purposes. At harvest, collard and kale green plants were graded according to USDA standards. Plants grown in CM and SS amended soil produced the greatest number of U.S. No. 1 grade of collard and kale greens compared to NM native soil. Across all treatments, concentrations of ascorbic acid and phenols were generally greater in kale than in collards. Overall, CM and SS enhanced total phenols and ascorbic acid contents of kale and collard compared to NM native soil. We investigated the chemical and physical properties of each of the three soil treatments that might explain variability among treatments and the impact of soil amendments on yield, phenols, and ascorbic acid contents of kale and collard green grown under this practice.     

Protozooplankton in the Deep Oligotrophic Traunsee (Austria) Influenced by Discharges of Soda and Salt Industries

Traunsee is a deep oligotrophic lake in Austria characterised by an artificial enrichment of chloride in the hypolimnion (up to 170 mg L^-1) caused by waste disposal of soda and salt industries. Protists were collected monthly over one year, observed alive and after Quantitative Protargol Staining (ciliates) or via epifluorescence microscopy (heterotrophic flagellates). Three sites within the lake (0–40 m depths) were compared to deeper water layers from 60–160 m depths where chloride concentrations and conductivity were increased. In addition, we observed the protozooplankton of two neighbouring lakes, i.e. reference systems, during one sampling occasion. In Traunsee the abundance of ciliates was low (200–36 600 cells L^-1) in contrast to high species diversity (at least 60 different species; H_S = 2.6) throughout the year. The main pelagic species in terms of abundance were small oligotrichs and prostomatids like Rimostrombidium brachykinetum/hyalinum, Balanion planctonicum and Urotricha spp. throughout the investigation period. Among free-living heterotrophic flagellates, which occurred at densities of 40–2800 cells mL^-1, small morphotypes dominated in the pelagial. No differences at the community level between the three lakes could be observed and pelagic ciliates and flagellates seemed not to be affected by increased chloride concentrations or by enhanced conductivity.     

城市污水厂污泥浓缩新技术的应用

分析了新型污泥浓缩设备的技术经济优点,现行污泥浓缩池的缺点、城市污水处理新工艺对浓缩的要求,介绍了2类污泥浓缩机在城市污水厂的选用和运行实例.     

微好氧颗粒污泥工艺降解五氯酚的实验研究

微好氧颗粒污泥工艺能够同时进行好氧氧化和厌氧还原过程，是处理五氯酚（PCP）的理想方法。对影响好氧颗粒污泥降解PCP的因素水力学上升流速、碱加入量以及水力停留时间进行考察。结果表明，水力学上升流速为4.58m／h，进水NaHCO3浓度为900mg／L，水力停留时间为24h时，处理效果比较好。     

Reusability of sewage sludge in clay bricks

Bricks produced from sewage sludge in different compositions were investigated. Results of the tests indicated that the sludge proportion is a key factor in determining the brick quality. Increasing the sludge content results in a decrease in brick shrinkage, bulk density, and compressive strength. Brick weight loss on ignition was mainly due to the contribution of the contained organic matter from the sludge being burnt off during the firing process, as well as inorganic substances found in both clay and sludge. The physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the bricks that were supplemented with various proportions of dried sludge from 10 to 40wt% and generally complied with the General Specification for Brick as per the Malaysian Standard MS 7.6:1972, which dictates the requirements for clay bricks used in walling in general. A standard leaching test method also showed that the leaching of metals from the bricks is very low.     

The composting potential of different organic solid wastes: experience from the island of Crete

For the past 20 years, the National Foundation for Agricultural Research in Crete and the School of Agricultural Technology of the Technological and Educational Institute of Crete have been involved in a number of research and development activities, related to the production and evaluation of compost derived from a variety of local solid, mainly agricultural organic wastes. Materials such as olive press cake, olive tree leaves (OTL) and branches, vine branches (VB), pressed grape skins (PGS), pig manure (PM), sewage sludge and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) have been evaluated for their behaviour during composting, their compatibility in mixtures and the quality of the end product. The quality evaluation included both a detailed physiochemical (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nutrients concentration, heavy metal concentration, etc.) and biological analyses (pathogenic microorganisms). It also included an agronomic evaluation, in which composts were used either as a soil amendment or as a component for substrates in open air or covered (greenhouse) cultivation mainly of local vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.). All materials were composted successfully, especially when mixed. The end products contained large amounts of organic matter, usually combined with an increased EC value. Pressed grape skins should be considered as the ideal raw material, producing a high quality compost, with the lowest EC value (1.57 mS cm(-1)) and the largest organic matter concentration (84.50%), compared to all other materials. When any of the produced compost was used in a ratio of 30% by volume (v/v), it increased plant growth, whereas in larger volumes, it presented phytotoxic behaviour, inhibiting both root and shoot development.