污泥干化协同焚烧的环境影响实例研究

发达国家污泥处置领域的主流工艺干化焚烧技术在中国的实践性较低,目前只有3%的市场占有率。究其原因,固然有技术、经济、国情的不同,人们对污泥干化焚烧产生二次污染的担忧造成的反建反烧的社会舆论也是阻碍垃圾焚烧工艺推广的重要原因。以苏州园区污泥干化焚烧项目为实例,从环境效益和环境排放两个方面展开论述,将环境排放分为干化和焚烧两个过程,从水、气、固和职业健康4方面研究干化焚烧过程造成的环境影响,并从中总结经验,为污泥干化协同焚烧项目的建设提供科学依据。     

江苏省电镀污泥产生现状及预测分析

分析了江苏省及各省辖市电镀污泥产生现状,并对电镀污泥产量进行了预测。通过调研分析发现江苏省电镀污泥产生情况呈现地区分布不均、产生规模小和行业集中的特点。利用灰色模型对全省及重点地区产生量进行预测发现,全省未来6年电镀污泥产生量增长率为8.32%,到2020年将达到23.94万t,低于2014年江苏省电镀污泥核准处置量39.92万t。     

城市污水处理厂厌氧消化污泥调理脱水性能研究

通过在污水厂实地取样,首先用阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(cationic polyacrylamide,CPAM)调理储泥池混合污泥与消化污泥,比较2种污泥投药前后的毛细吸水时间(capillary suction time,CST),发现消化污泥的CST明显小于储泥池的污泥。然后,检测这2种污泥的调理过程中Zeta电位的变化,并研究了挥发性悬浮物(volatile suspended solids,VSS)、总悬浮固体(total suspended solid,TSS)蛋白质、多糖以及胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)总量对脱水效果的影响。结果表明投药后消化污泥脱水性能优于混合污泥,最佳投药量为4‰~4.5‰;污泥中VSS/TSS越高,污泥脱水效果越差;污泥中蛋白质含量是影响污泥脱水效果的重要因素之一,其含量低于26.5%时,污泥压滤后含水率随蛋白质含量升高而升高,但当蛋白质含量高于26.5%时,无明显变化规律。     

基于能源利用的市政污泥处置技术的发展研究

市政污泥是污水生物处理过程中产生的城市固废,产量巨大、污染严重."十三五"期间中国污泥无害化处理任务艰巨,常规的污泥处理处置在二次污染、占地、能耗等方面具有局限,影响了在中国的广泛应用.污泥的能源化利用是兼具污泥量削减和新附加值产生的发展方向,本文围绕当前市政污泥能源化的研究、应用领域的发展加以讨论,探讨了污泥能源利用的潜能和存在的主要问题.     

Efficient treatment of azo dye containing wastewater in a hybrid acidogenic bioreactor stimulated by biocatalyzed electrolysis

In this study, a novel scaled-up hybrid acidogenic bioreactor(HAB) was designed and adopted to evaluate the performance of azo dye(acid red G, ARG) containing wastewater treatment. Principally, HAB is an acidogenic bioreactor coupled with a biocatalyzed electrolysis module. The effects of hydraulic retention time(HRT) and ARG loading rate on the performance of HAB were investigated. In addition, the influent was switched from synthetic wastewater to domestic wastewater to examine the key parameters for the application of HAB. The results showed that the introduction of the biocatalyzed electrolysis module could enhance anoxic decolorization and COD(chemical oxygen demand) removal. The combined process of HAB-CASS presented superior performance compared to a control system without biocatalyzed electrolysis(AB-CASS). When the influent was switched to domestic wastewater, with an environment having more balanced nutrients and diverse organic matters, the ARG, COD and nitrogen removal efficiencies of HAB-CASS were further improved, reaching 73.3% ± 2.5%, 86.2% ± 3.8% and 93.5% ± 1.6% at HRT of 6 hr, respectively, which were much higher than those of AB-CASS(61.1% ± 4.7%,75.4% ± 5.0% and 82.1% ± 2.1%, respectively). Moreover, larger TCV/TV(total cathode volume/total volume) for HAB led to higher current and ARG removal. The ARG removal efficiency and current at TCV/TV of 0.15 were 39.2% ± 3.7% and 28.30 ± 1.48 m A,respectively. They were significantly increased to 62.1% ± 2.0% and 34.55 ± 0.83 m A at TCV/TV of 0.25. These results show that HAB system could be used to effectively treat real wastewater.     

The biological effect of metal ions on the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge

As a special biofilm structure, microbial attachment is believed to play an important role in the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge (AGAS). This experiment was to investigate the biological effect of Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, Zn^2 +, and K⁺ which are the most common ions present in biological wastewater treatment systems, on the microbial attachment of AGAS and flocculent activated sludge (FAS), from which AGAS is always derived, in order to provide a new strategy for the rapid cultivation and stability control of AGAS. The result showed that attachment biomass of AGAS was about 300% higher than that of FAS without the addition of metal ions. Different metal ions had different effects on the process of microbial attachment. FAS and AGAS reacted differently to the metal ions as well, and in fact, AGAS was more sensitive to the metal ions. Specifically, Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, and K⁺ could increase the microbial attachment ability of both AGAS and FAS under appropriate concentrations, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + were also beneficial to the microbial attachment of FAS at low concentrations, but Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + greatly inhibited the attachment process of AGAS even at extremely low concentrations. In addition, the acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing system, the content of extracellular polymeric substances and the relative hydrophobicity of the sludges were greatly influenced by metal ions. As all these parameters had close relationships with the microbial attachment process, the microbial attachment may be affected by changes of these parameters.     

城市污泥及蚓粪施用对生菜和土壤中重金属(Cr、Pb和Cd)积累的影响

利用盆栽试验研究了不同配比的城市生活污泥和蚓粪(污泥或蚓粪在混配土壤中的质量分数为10%、20%和30%(以干重计))施用于土壤后,对生菜和土壤中Cr、Pb和Cd三种重金属元素积累的影响,以期为污泥蚓粪的农用提供依据及指导。试验结果表明:无论何种比例的污泥和蚓粪,重金属Cr和Cd在生菜体内的含量均低于国家标准限值,而重金属Pb在生菜体内的含量均不同程度地高于国家标准限值,生菜体内的重金属含量从大到小依次为Pb>Cr>Cd。研究发现,无论施用污泥和蚓粪,大多数情况下重金属在生菜体内的含量以10%施用量处理组最高。20%配比的处理种植并收获生菜后,土壤重金属的含量显著低于10%和30%处理组土壤。     

污泥干燥动力学的研究进展

由于我国污泥产量巨大且成分复杂,安全处理措施相对有限,传统的处理方法难以满足现阶段的要求。干燥是使污泥急剧减容有效的方法之一,是污泥减量化、无害化处理的关键和资源化利用的前提。干燥动力学研究对污泥干燥工艺优化与干燥设备开发具有较大的指导意义。主要从干燥动力学特性、传热传质及干燥模型方程3方面对污泥干燥动力学进行了论述,着重介绍了其在污泥干燥中的研究进展与应用状况。最后从干燥应用技术方面出发,对污泥干燥动力学进一步提出了研究展望。     

生物洗涤和化学吸收组合工艺处理污水厂臭气工程试验研究

目前臭气处理技术发展趋于组合工艺方向,兼顾技术和经济可行性。研究采用生物洗涤和化学吸收组合工艺,在城市污水处理厂开展除臭工程试验。试验分2个阶段进行:第一阶段,启动运行生物洗涤塔,考察生物洗涤塔对H_2S和NH_3的处理效果,并研究生物洗涤塔中活性污泥吸收液成分及性状;第二阶段,在继续运行生物洗涤塔的基础上,启动运行化学吸收塔,考察整个双塔系统对H_2S和NH_3的处理效果。在此基础上开展机理分析和应用验证评价。研究表明除臭系统运行稳定,对H_2S和NH_3去除效果良好,达到国家排放标准。     

采用活性污泥富集与回收废水中碳源的实验研究

以活性污泥为吸附剂,研究了城市污水中的有机物的强化富集与有效回收的方法与参数.在连续运行模式下,活性污泥对废水中的有机物具有较好的富集效果,COD平均吸附率达到63%,且约50%的溶解性碳源分布在细胞外部,在温和条件下就能被解吸;对氮、磷的吸附效果差异较大,磷的吸附量可达76%,对氮的吸附量较小,氨氮吸附率仅13%.同时,实验还研究了常规 (pH=7.5, 20℃)、加热（pH=7.5, 60℃）和碱性加热（pH=11, 60℃）条件下,污泥水解对有机物、氮和磷的释放情况.结果表明,碱性加热条件更有利于碳源的释放,水解24 h后,挥发性悬浮固体（VSS）对COD的释放率达到了320 mg/g;但氮、磷的释放量有限,释放率（水解8 h,稳定）分别为18 mg/g和2 mg/g.利用活性污泥对污染物的吸附与解吸作用,能够实现废水中碳源的回收,且回收碳源中氮、磷浓度低,对回收碳源的再利用效果影响较小.