Roles of SO2 oxidation in new particle formation events

The oxidation of SO₂ is commonly regarded as a major driver for new particle formation (NPF) in the atmosphere. In this study, we explored the connection between measured mixing ratio of SO₂ and observed long-term (duration > 3 hr) and short-term (duration < 1.5 hr) NPF events at a semi-urban site in Toronto. Apparent NPF rates (J₃₀) showed a moderate correlation with the concentration of sulfuric acid ([H₂SO₄]) calculated from the measured mixing ratio of SO₂ in long-term NPF events and some short-term NPF events (Category I) (R² = 0.66). The exponent in the fitting line of J₃₀ ~ [H₂SO₄]ⁿ in these events was 1.6. It was also found that SO₂ mixing ratios varied a lot during long-term NPF events, leading to a significant variation of new particle counts. In the SO₂-unexplained short-term NPF events (Category II), analysis showed that new particles were formed aloft and then mixed down to the ground level. Further calculation results showed that sulfuric acid oxidized from SO₂ probably made a negligible contribution to the growth of > 10 nm new particles.     

长江口潮滩含氯有机物的分布及与TOC、粒度的相关性

对长江口潮滩表层沉积物中的含氯有机物进行GC—ECD测试。结果表明,含氯有机物总量在1.159～54.957ng/g之间,平均值为11.204ng/g,其中多氯联苯(PCBs)含量<有机氯农药(OCPs)含量。含量高低分布随采样点位置变化显著,排污口附近出现最大值,离排污口越远,含量越低,总体显示出在近河口区含量远高于沿岸区。同时,PCBs和OCPs相关性分析结果表明,它们很可能具有相似的分布机制和输入来源。另外,长江口潮滩表层沉积物中含氯有机物的含量与TOC、粒度的相关性很低(r2<0.05),显示了研究区的特殊性和复杂性。     

Chemical characterisation of particulate matter in urban transport modes

Traffic is a main source of air pollutants in urban areas and consequently daily peak exposures tend to occur during commuting. Personal exposure to particulate matter (PM) was monitored while cycling and travelling by bus, car and metro along an assigned route in Lisbon (Portugal), focusing on PM2.5 and PM10 (PM with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 and 10 µm, respectively) mass concentrations and their chemical composition. In vehicles, the indoor-outdoor interplay was also evaluated. The PM2.5 mean concentrations were 28?±?5, 31?±?9, 34?±?9 and 38?±?21?µg/m³ for bus, bicycle, car and metro modes, respectively. Black carbon concentrations when travelling by car were 1.4 to 2.0 times higher than in the other transport modes due to the closer proximity to exhaust emissions. There are marked differences in PM chemical composition depending on transport mode. In particular, Fe was the most abundant component of metro PM, derived from abrasion of rail-wheel-brake interfaces. Enhanced concentrations of Zn and Cu in cars and buses were related with brake and tyre wear particles, which can penetrate into the vehicles. In the motorised transport modes, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni and K were correlated, evidencing their common traffic-related source. On average, the highest inhaled dose of PM2.5 was observed while cycling (55 µg), and the lowest in car travels (17 µg). Cyclists inhaled higher doses of PM2.5 due to both higher inhalation rates and longer journey times, with a clear enrichment in mineral elements. The presented results evidence the importance of considering the transport mode in exposure assessment studies.     

夏季南海气溶胶微量元素浓度、溶解度及干沉降通量

搭载国家自然科学基金委南海东北部共享航次（NORC2017-05），于2017年6月9日-8月11日在南海东北部采集气溶胶样品，使用淋溶装置得到气溶胶中微量元素（Al、Fe、Ti、Cr、V、Ba、Mn、Co、Ni、Pb、Cu、Zn）的溶解态浓度和溶解动力学曲线，混酸消解后用高分辨率电感耦合等离子体质谱测得其总浓度，并计算溶解度和干沉降通量.结果表明，夏季南海北部气溶胶中微量元素溶解态浓度、总浓度和干沉降通量均小于大多数陆架边缘海.微量元素溶解度相对较大，原因主要是气溶胶颗粒经过长距离输运后粒径较小，且经历的大气酸过程和云过程对元素溶解度影响显著.气溶胶中微量元素在Milli-Q水中25 min左右达到溶解平衡，后续以pH=2的HCl淋溶.酸淋溶过程中大部分微量金属的溶解度略有增加，约占水溶出量的30%~50%，而Pb在酸溶液中显著溶出，酸溶出量可达水溶出量的140%，表现出潜在的环境效应.夏季大气气溶胶输送的Fe占南海东北部混合层溶解态Fe的0.13%~6.00%，对浮游植物初级生产具有一定的支持功能.     

绿肥间作和秸秆覆盖对冬季油菜根际土壤有机碳及土壤呼吸的影响

在全球变暖的大背景下,农田土壤呼吸成为农业碳排放的主要途径,而绿肥对抑制温室气体排放、实现节能减排有巨大潜力.在我国西南紫色土地区,有关绿肥间作条件下的农田土壤呼吸特征尚不明确.通过绿肥紫云英与油菜间作,重点研究了秸秆覆盖条件下紫云英与油菜间作对冬季油菜根际土壤有机碳及土壤呼吸的影响.结果表明,与秸秆覆盖相比,隔根方式成为影响油菜根际土壤有机碳含量的主要因素,绿肥间作使油菜根际土壤有机碳含量显著降低;秸秆覆盖可促进油菜田间土壤呼吸,而绿肥间作抑制了油菜田间土壤呼吸,土壤呼吸受油菜生育阶段影响较大,呈现出先下降后升高再下降的总体特征,且与土壤温度之间表现出回归式抛物线关系,根际呼吸在油菜生长后期成为土壤呼吸的主要成分.     

北江流域有机碳侵蚀通量的初步研究

选取北江的河口站断面,对径流进行了5个季节的采样分析.结果表明,北江径流中颗粒有机碳含量随总悬浮物含量的变化而同步变化;溶解有机碳含量与总悬浮物含量之间有时表现微弱的正相关,有时表现微弱的负相关.随着水体总悬浮物含量的增加,总悬浮物中有机碳的质量分数呈对数趋势降低.洪峰时期径流对有机碳的搬运是全年总搬运量的主要部分,这种现象对于溶解有机碳更为显著.初步估算,北江流域的有机碳侵蚀通量为10.01×10⁶g·km^-2·a^-1,其中以颗粒有机碳为主,达到6.54×10⁶g·km^-2·a^-1,溶解有机碳的侵蚀通量为3.47×10⁶g·km^-2·a^-1.北江流域有机碳侵蚀通量的总量和组成特点与多数季风流域具有更大的一致性.     

南极菲尔德斯半岛植被土壤N2O排放特征

应用密闭箱法首次测定了南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N2 O的排放通量 ,并估算了该半岛植被区土壤在夏季 2个月内N2 O的排放总量 .结果表明 :在晴天和雨天 ,苔藓土壤N2 O的排放通量与温度有较好的响应关系 ,呈现单峰型变化趋势 ;但在雪天 ,与温度的变化不一致 ;苔藓、地衣这 2种不同的植被土壤N2 O排放通量日变化基本一致 ;温度是影响苔藓土壤N2 O的排放通量季节变化的主要因子 ,同时还受降水的影响 ,干湿交替有利于N2 O的排放 ;苔藓土壤N2 O的排放总量为 3 .71 52kg ;地衣土壤N2 O的排放总量为 2 .53 4 4kg .由此可见 ,南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N2 O排放量虽然很小 ,但仍起着大气N2 O源的作用     

南黄海和东海海域营养盐等物质大气入海通量的再分析

根据国内外学者近年来在黄、东海海域大气营养盐和硫酸盐气溶胶干、湿沉降方面的工作 ,估算出南黄海及东海海域各个季节营养盐和硫酸盐的大气入海通量。分析结果表明 :南黄海及东海海域营养盐和硫酸盐气溶胶浓度和降水中的离子浓度都有较明显的季节变化 ,基本上冬季最大 ,而夏季最小 ;氮盐和硫酸盐的沉降以湿沉降为主 ,而磷酸盐以干沉降为主 ;大气沉降与河流输送相比 ,NH4 和PO43 -以大气沉降为主 ,而SiO3 2 -和NO3 -以河流输送为主     

沈阳市大气细菌与真菌粒子的关系

用ＡＮＤＥＲＳＥＮ生物粒子采样器对沈阳市大气细菌和真菌粒子的密度、密度分布、粒度分布及两者关系进行了观察和。结果表明，沈阳市大气年平均密度细菌粒子为７２２８个／ｍ＾３，真菌粒子为１７９７个／ｍ＾３，细菌为真菌的４．１倍。细菌粒子密度和粒度均呈正偏态分布，真菌粒子密度和粒度均呈对数正态分布。〈８．２μｍ的可吸入粒子，细菌为４３２６个／ｍ＾３，占其总数的６１．４％；真菌为１５８３个／ｍ＾３，占其总数的     

大气环境中硒的存在形式、来源及通量

大气硒是全球硒循环的重要组成部分。人为源和自然源释放的硒以气态和颗粒态硒形式在大气中迁移和转化,最后通过干湿沉降回到海洋和大陆,完成硒的生物地球化学循环。本文综述了大气环境中硒的存在形式,总结和讨论了大气硒的各种人为源和自然源通量,并对该领域未来的研究作了展望。