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141.
乌鲁木齐市大气PM2.5中重金属元素含量和富集特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用PM2.5/PM10便携式采样器采集了乌鲁木齐市5个功能区PM2.5,样品,用TAS-990石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪检测了PM2.5样品中Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Mn的含量。结果表明,乌鲁木齐大气PM2.5质量浓度变化趋势是冬季采暖盛期〉秋季采暖初期〉春季停暖初期〉夏季停暖期。参照《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095—2012)中的二级标准,采样期间卡子湾水泥厂区样品全部超标,其余4个采样点样品在冬季采暖盛期也全部超标,部分样品在非采暖期超标。富集因子法分析表明,乌鲁木齐市5个采样区PM2.5样品中Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb污染主要来自于人类活动,Mn则来源于地壳物质。 相似文献
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143.
汽车尾气颗粒物对动物肺泡巨噬细胞的免疫毒性及比较 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
研究汽车尾气颗粒物气管染毒后对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响,结果是动物肺泡巨噬细胞Fc受体表达、AM抗肿瘤细胞毒作用、抗体介导细胞毒作用受到抑制,具有明显的剂量效应关系;总体比较,汽油车尾气颗粒物对AM免疫功能影响较柴油车严重。 相似文献
144.
Epidemiological studies have shown that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) not only increases the incidence of cardiopulmonary illnesses but also relates to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Considering that PM2.5 is highly heterogeneous with regional disparity and seasonal variation, we investigated whether PM2.5 exposure induced neuronal apoptosis and synaptic injuries in a season-dependent manner. The results indicated that PM2.5 altered the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (mainly bax and bcl-2), activated caspase-3 and caused neuronal apoptosis. Additionally, PM2.5 decreased the levels of synaptic structural protein postsynaptic density (PSD-95) and synaptic functional protein N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit (NR2B) expression. These effects occurred in a season-dependent manner, and PM2.5 collected from the winter showed the strongest changes. Furthermore, the effect was coupled with the inhibition of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB). Based on the findings, we analyzed the correlations between the chemical composition of PM2.5 samples and the biological effects, and confirmed that winter PM2.5 played a major role in causing neuronal apoptosis and synaptic injuries among different season samples. 相似文献
145.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):397-413
Coal is widely utilized as an important energy source, but coal-fired power plant was considered to be an important anthropogenic lead emission source. In the present study, the distribution characteristics of lead in coal and combustion by-products are reviewed. Specifically, lead is mainly transferred to ash particles and the formation and migration mechanisms of particulate lead are summarized. Also, targeted measures are proposed to control the formation of fine particulate lead as well as to increase the removal efficiency during the low-temperature flue gas clean process. In detail, interactions between gaseous lead and some coal-bearing minerals or added adsorbents could obviously suppress the formation of fine particulate lead. On the other hand, some efforts (including promoting capture of fine particles, reducing resistivity of particles and strengthening the gas-liquid contact) could be made to improve the fine particulate lead removal capacity. Notably, the formation mechanism of fine particulate lead is still unclear due to the limitations of research methods. Some differences in the removal principles of fine particles and particulate lead make the lead emission precisely control a great challenge. Finally, the environmental potential risk of lead emission from flue gas and ash residues is addressed and further discussed. 相似文献
146.
自然通风对办公室内气溶胶的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
办公室间歇开窗自然通风可降低空内颗粒物和微生物的浓度,用TSI公司的气溶胶自动分析仪和FA-1型空气微生物采样器对样品测定结果表明,上午9:00室外大气颗粒物浓度高于室内,不宜开窗;10:30左右,室内颗粒物浓度增高,开窗自然通风效果好。 相似文献
147.
I.K. Okore H. Tijani-Eniola A.A. Agboola E.A. Aiyelari 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2007,120(2-4):250-258
Labile soil C and N play vital roles in soil–plant nutrient dynamics, especially in the low input cropping system and are vulnerable to perturbation. Surface (0–0.15 m) soils from three land clearing methods (slash and burn, bulldozed non-windrowed and bulldozed windrowed) and each with two cropping systems (5-and 4-year cropping/2-year cassava fallow) were collected in the humid forest ecosystem of Nigeria.The soils were analysed for total C and N, microbial biomass C and N (SMB C and N), particulate organic matter C and N (POM C and N), water-soluble C, potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and mineral N. The size of the labile C and N and their relative contributions to the organic C and total N differed significantly among land clearing methods, irrespective of the cropping system. Soils under slash and burn had a significantly (p > 0.05) higher particulate organic matter C, N (10.80 and 0.16 g kg−1, respectively) and microbial biomass C and N (1.07 and 0.12 g kg−1) compared to the bulldozed windrow, regardless of the cropping system. Four years cropping/2-year cassava fallow resulted in a significant higher labile C and N, relative to 5-year cropped plots across the land clearing methods. Effect of the treatments on the concentration of PMN and mineral N mirrored the SMB N and POM N. However, the quantity of most of the labile C and N pool and crop yield obtained from the slash and burn and bulldozed non-windrowed treatment did not differ significantly. Hence, bulldozed non-windrowed clearing could be a viable alternative to slash and burn in the case of large-scale farming in ensuring reduced losses of soil organic matter and nutrient during land clearing in the humid tropics. 相似文献
148.
Retention of trace elements in coal-fired flue gas by a novel heterogeneous agglomeration technology
Yushan Ji Xiangzheng Cui Jingchao Liu Tianle Zhang Shuzhou Wei Junfeng Zhang Yongchun Zhao Junying Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):234-243
Heterogeneous agglomeration (HA) is a very potential technology for coal-fired flue gas treatment.In this paper,the distribution and migration mechanisms of trace elements (TEs such as Se,As and Pb in CFPPs were studied on a 30,000 m3/hr pilot-scale experimental plat form.The influences of HA on the removal efficiency of gaseous and particulate TEs were well analyzed.The results showed that Se,As and Pb were enriched in fly ash,and their sen sitivity to particle size is quite differen... 相似文献
149.
150.
柴油机污染物排放后处理技术的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
国内外柴油机主要排放物NOx和微粒的后处理技术的研究现状和最新技术发展动态表明,机内、机外处理技术的组合,是达到未来柴油机排放标准、实现大幅度降低柴油机污染物排放的趋势。分析了各种机外净化技术的特点和存在问题,阐述了燃油含硫量对柴油机排放后处理的影响。 相似文献