Applicability of LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain with glutaraldehyde fixation for the measurement of bacterial abundance and viability in rainwater

Rainwater contains substantial bacteria and rain is an efficient pathway for the dissemination of bacteria from the atmosphere to land and water surfaces.However,quantitative information on rainwater bacteria is very limited due to the lack of a reliable method.In this study,the epifluorescence microscopy enumeration with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit stain was verified to quantify the abundance of viable and non-viable bacterial cells in rainwater,with the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) stain for the reference of total cell counts.Results showed that the total counts of bacterial cells by LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining were consistent with those by DAPI staining,and the average detection efficiency was(109 ± 29)%.The ratio of cell count with glutaraldehyde fixation to that without fixation was(106 ± 5)%on average.The bacterial concentration in negative control was usually an order of magnitude lower than that in rainwater samples.However,in case of small precipitation,the abundance in negative control could be more than that in rainwater samples.These results indicate that the enumeration with LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability assay coupled with glutaraldehyde fixation and careful negative control investigation is an approach applicable to the measurement of the concentration and viability of bacterial cells in rainwater.     

UV/H_2O_2对氯消毒副产物TCM、DCBM的去除影响因素研究

针对UV/H_2O_2对氯化消毒副产物三氯甲烷(TCM)和一溴二氯甲烷(DCBM)的去除效果及影响因素进行研究,结果表明UV/H_2O_2方法对TCM和DCBM去除效果的影响因素有过氧化氢(H_2O_2)投加量、紫外光照强度、反应p H值和反应物初始浓度。通过不同的反应条件得出:H_2O_2在一定投加量变化范围(10~35 mmol/L)内,随投加量的增加,TCM和DCBM的去除率均呈先上升后下降趋势,H_2O_2最佳投加量分别为25,20 mmol/L;增大紫外光照(UV)强度,TCM和DCBM的去除率均显著提高;随初始p H值的增大,去除率均呈先上升后下降趋势,p H值为7.0时,去除率达到最佳;TCM和DCBM反应初始浓度分别为150,160μg/L时,其去除率最高,在有效时间内去除率分别为95.88%、92.56%。     

Pd-MnO2 nanoparticles/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) photo-electrodes photo-catalytic properties and their ability of degrading Rhodamine B under visible light

Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and characterized accordingly. Moreover, the light harvesting and absorption properties were investigated via ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum(DRS); photo degradation efficiency was investigated via analyzing the photo catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible illumination(xenon light). The performed analyses illustrated that Pd-MnO_2 codoped particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of the TiO_2 nanotube arrays;DRS results showed significant improvement in visible light absorption which was between400 and 700 nm. Finally, the photo catalytic degradation efficiency results of the designated organic pollutant(Rhodamine B) illustrated a superior photocatalytic(PC) efficiency of approximately 95% compared to the bare TiO_2 NTAs, which only exhibited a photo catalytic degradation efficiency of approximately 61%, thus it indicated the significant enhancement of the light absorption properties of fabricated photo electrodes and their yield of UOH radicals.     

单光子/光电子在线质谱实时分析聚氯乙烯热分解/燃烧产物

实验室研制了低能光电子磁场增强电离(MEPEI)和单光子电离(SPI)复合电离源,该电离源具有电离化合物范围宽、碎片离子少、质谱图简单等优点,结合飞行时间质谱(TOF-MS)实现了聚氯乙烯(PVC)热分解/燃烧产物的在线分析.针对不同的目标化合物,MEPEI/SPI复合电离源通过调节电离区电场强度,可以快速在SPI和SPI-MEPEI之间切换.PVC热分解/燃烧产物中电离能大于光子能量(10.60 eV)的HCl和CO2(12.74 eV、13.77 eV)利用MEPEI模式电离;而烯烃、二氯乙烯、苯系物、氯苯、苯乙烯、茚满及萘系物等可通过SPI-MEPEI复合模式电离.通过实时监测PVC主要燃烧产物的信号强度随温度的变化趋势可推断出,PVC燃烧产物主要是通过两种机制生成:①250～370℃时,PVC发生脱氯及分子内环化反应,产生大量的HCl、苯和萘;②380～510℃时,PVC发生分子间交联反应,生成烷基芳烃,如甲苯和二甲苯/乙苯等.实验结果表明,SPI/SPI-MEPEI复合离子源TOF-MS分析速度快,应用范围广,在在线分析中具有广泛的应用前景.     

顶空／气相色谱-质谱法测定水中四乙基铅

建立了顶空,气相色谱-质谱法测定水中四乙基铅方法。水样中的四乙基铅直接顶空进样,质谱分析。实验结果表明,在0．10-5．00μg几范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0．02μg/L,得到了良好的分离效果与较高的灵敏度和精密度。方法简便快捷,能达到《生活饮用水卫生规范》（GB/T5750．8—2006）中规定的要求。     

新版GB/T28001的主要变化

介绍了GB／T28001—2001标准修订的背景及修订原则,解读了新版标准的主要变化。     

A juvenile lizard specimen with well-preserved skin impressions from the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China

Lizards are now relatively well known from the Yixian Formation of northeastern China. In this study, we describe a juvenile lizard from a fossil horizon at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia. These beds predate the Yixian Formation, and are probably Late Jurassic or earliest Cretaceous in age. The new specimen thus documents the first lizard material from the Daohugou locality and is the earliest lizard skeleton from China. Comparisons with developmental stages of modern lizards suggest the Daohugou lizard is a hatchling. Although tiny, the specimen is notable in preserving exquisite skin impressions showing the variation in scalation across the body, the shape and position of the cloacal outlet, and details of the manus and pes. These are the earliest recorded lepidosaurian skin traces. In its general proportions and the possession of paired frontals, the small Daohugou lizard resembles both the Yixian taxon Yabeinosaurus tenuis and the questionable Jeholacerta formosa, but it differs from the latter in scalation and, based on other characters, may be distinct from both.     

催化剂Ru/ZrO2-CeO2催化湿式氧化苯酚

催化剂Ru/ZrO₂-CeO₂催化湿式氧化苯酚的过程表明,Ru/ZrO₂-CeO₂可以显著提高COD和苯酚去除效果,当反应温度为170℃,压力为3 MPa,反应120 min后,COD和苯酚的去除率分别达到了99％和100％.试验还考察了不同反应条件对苯酚溶液COD去除的影响,并获得了最优的反应条件：温度为170℃,压力为3 MPa,催化剂的投加量为5　g/Ｌ,搅拌速度为500 r/min.通过对中间产物的分析,本研究提出了催化湿式氧化苯酚的简单路径图,认为苯酚首先被氧化成小分子有机酸,接着小分子有机酸被氧化成二氧化碳和水.前一个过程是快速反应,后一个过程中的乙酸氧化是慢速过程,需要在高温下才能完成.乙酸的氧化主要是自由基攻击α碳上的C—H键,先生成甲酸,并最终生成二氧化碳和水.     

用GC/MS分析火灾后苯板产生固体废物中的有机物

采用GC/MS方法对某苯板厂火灾后产生的固体废弃物进行检测分析.结果表明,在苯板火灾后产生的固体废弃物中检测出61种化合物,其中被美国EPA列入优先污染物的苯系物、萘和蒽等占总有机物12.2％.