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991.
Azinphos-methyl is an organophosphate insecticide used for pest control on a number of food crops in many parts of the world. The snail Biomphalaria glabrata is a freshwater gastropod widely distributed in South America, Central America and Africa. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether azinphos-methyl causes alterations in the reproduction of B. glabrata. To this end, gastropod pigmented specimens were exposed to various concentrations of the insecticide (0.021, 0.5, 2.5, and 5 mg L−1) for either 2 or 14 d. Along 14 d, several reproduction parameters and cholinesterase (ChE) activity were evaluated. In each group, the number of egg masses, the number of eggs per mass, the number of hatchings, the time to hatching, and the survival of the offspring after one month of treatment was evaluated. The results showed that, depending on the concentration and time of exposure, azinphos-methyl induced alterations in the reproduction of B. glabrata. These alterations were mainly represented by a decrease in the number of egg masses, and, in some cases, by a lower number or even the total absence of hatchings. Thus, the gastropods exposed to 2.5 and 5 mg L−1 of azinphos-methyl for 14 d showed ChE inhibitions higher than 35% along time and completely lost their ability to reproduce. On the other hand, exposure to high acute concentrations or exposure to low concentrations for 14 d resulted in ChE inhibition equal to or lower than 35% between 7 and 14 d of treatment and similar alterations in reproduction. These were represented by a decrease in the number of egg masses. At low pestice levels, the number of egg masses and the number of offspring resulted to be more sensitive biomarkers than ChE inhibition. It is concluded that the insecticide azinphos-methyl can cause a decline in the reproductive performance of B. glabrata. 相似文献
992.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were measured in ambient air samples collected from different parts of South Korea in 2008, and the measured levels were used for assessing the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric PCDDFs and DL-PCBs in South Korea. The average concentrations of atmospheric PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs among the 37 sites were 28 fg I-TEQ m−3 (ND ∼ 617) and 1 fg WHO-TEQ m−3 (ND ∼ 0.016). Elevated atmospheric levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs observed at residential/industrial sites and in the north-west of Korea, indicated a potential contribution and impacts of anthropogenic sources of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. These levels were similar or lower than those previously reported in other ambient air surveys. Average concentrations of PCDD/Fs showed small seasonal variations (ANOVA analysis, p = 0.144). The highest concentrations of PCDD/Fs were observed during winter, followed by spring, autumn and summer. Atmospheric PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in South Korea rapidly decreased during the last 10 years (1998-2008), demonstrating the efficiency of stricter regulations and the application of best available technologies/best environmental practices at emission sources. Comparison of the congener profiles and principal component analysis showed that current atmospheric PCDD/Fs are mostly influenced by industrial sources and PCBs from old commercial PCB uses. Nationwide POPs monitoring will continue and allows an effective evaluation of the implementation of the Stockholm Convention on POPs. 相似文献
993.
The present work indentifies some environmental and health impacts of a municipal solid waste bio-drying plant taking into account the PCDD/F release into the atmosphere, its concentration at ground level and its deposition. Four scenarios are presented for the process air treatment and management: biofilter or regenerative thermal oxidation treatment, at two different heights. A Gaussian dispersion model, AERMOD, was used in order to model the dispersion and deposition of the PCDD/F emissions into the atmosphere. Considerations on health risk, from different exposure pathways are presented using an original approach. The case of biofilter at ground level resulted the most critical, depending on the low dispersion of the pollutants. Suggestions on technical solutions for the optimization of the impact are presented. 相似文献
994.
Tracing the sources of refractory dissolved organic matter in a large artificial lake using multiple analytical tools 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Structural and chemical characteristics of refractory dissolved organic matter (RDOM) from seven different sources (algae, leaf litter, reed, compost, field soil, paddy water, treated sewage) were examined using multiple analytical tools, and they were compared with those of RDOM in a large artificial lake (Lake Paldang, Korea). Treated sewage, paddy water, and field soil were distinguished from the other sources investigated by their relatively low specific UV absorbance (SUVA) values and more pronounced fulvic-like versus humic-like fluorescence of the RDOM samples. Microbial derived RDOM from algae and treated sewage showed relatively low apparent molecular weight and a higher fraction of hydrophilic bases relative to the total hydrophilic fraction. For the biopolymer types, the presence of polyhydroxy aromatics with the high abundance of proteins was observed only for vascular plant-based RDOM (i.e., leaf litter and reed). Molecular weight values exhibited positive correlations with the SUVA and the hydrophobic content among the different RDOM, suggesting that hydrophobic and condensed aromatic structures may be the main components of high molecular weight RDOM. Principal component analysis revealed that approximately 77% of the variance in the RDOM characteristics might be explained by the source difference (i.e., terrestrial and microbial derived) and a tendency of further microbial transformation. Combined results demonstrated that the properties of the lake RDOM were largely affected by the upstream sources of field soil, paddy water, and treated sewage, which are characterized by low molecular weight UV-absorbing and non-aromatic structures with relatively high resistance to further degradation. 相似文献
995.
以大孔径SiO2为载体,通过钛酸丁酯溶液的浸渍、原位水解以及高温煅烧制备出大尺寸、大孔径的TiO2/SiO2光催化剂。利用自制空气净化装置对室内甲醛的清除进行研究,分别考察了TiO2的百分含量、紫外光光强、温度、湿度和空气流量等不同条件下TiO2/SiO2光催化剂对除去甲醛效率的影响。结果表明,反应温度从10~50℃依次升高,去除率逐渐下降。在相对湿度为50%,TiO2负载率为55.6%,流量为8 m3/h时,甲醛的最佳除去率达96.5%;经过7周时间的考察,发现TiO2/SiO2光催化剂的催化活性没有明显的下降。 相似文献
996.
利用TiO2纳米管催化降解水中的4,4’-二溴联苯,对催化降解过程和影响因素进行研究。结果表明,TiO2纳米管对其有较高的催化降解效率且降解过程符合Langmuir—Hinshelwood动力学模式。不同光源、4,4’-二溴联苯的初始浓度、纳米管添加量和pH值对催化降解过程都有较大影响,其中pH值的影响最为明显。反应液在中性状态下的降解率明显低于pH=1或11的情况。在pH=1时,4,4’一二溴联苯的降解率达86%。 相似文献
997.
采用反相乳液聚合法以凹凸棒土为原料,合成了新型NH4+-N吸附剂淀粉-g-丙烯酸/凹凸棒土,并进行了氨氮吸附对比实验。结果表明:凹凸棒土氨氮单位吸附量为4.243 mg/g;淀粉-g-丙烯酸/凹凸棒土氨氮单位吸附量为5.301 mg/g,吸附能力比未改性的凹凸棒土提高了25%。淀粉-g-丙烯酸/凹凸棒土的氨氮吸附过程比凹凸棒土更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。随着pH、温度的升高,凹凸棒土和淀粉-g-丙烯酸/凹凸棒土对NH4+-N吸附量逐渐增大。 相似文献
998.
999.
壳聚糖的物理/化学改性及其对含酚废水的处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将壳聚糖物理改性为球形颗粒,然后在微波辐射下,球形壳聚糖与柠檬醛接枝反应,再与NaBH4还原反应,制备一种新型环保材料--物化改性壳聚糖.采用红外光谱仪(IR)、X衍射仪(XRD)、电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面测定及孔径分析仪(BET)结构表征改性壳聚糖.通过含酚制药废水的动态小柱吸附实验,研究了时间、柱高和出水流速等... 相似文献
1000.