低C/N条件下MUCT工艺数学模型的参数校正与验证

基于ASM2d模型建立了稳定运行的MUCT工艺营养物质去除过程的动力学反应模型,比较各种COD、TN、NH 4＋-N、TP的实测值和模拟值,以确定系统在低C/N条件下运行时的动力学和化学计量学参数.模拟结果表明,稳态模型中的动力学参数qPHA、KA、KPP、YPO3-4、μAUT和ηNO-3分别取值2.90 g.（g.d）-1、3.85 g.m-3、1.35 g.（g.d）-1、0.35、1.6和0.8.其他的动力学和化学计量学参数可采用IWA给出的默认值.     

新版GB/T28001的主要变化

介绍了GB／T28001—2001标准修订的背景及修订原则,解读了新版标准的主要变化。     

T型氧化沟工艺处理低碳源生活污水的效果研究

详细介绍了T型氧化沟工艺的特征,并考察研究了该工艺处理低碳源生活污水的长期运行效果。研究结果表明,工艺出水COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TN和TP年平均浓度分别为13.9、3.8、0.91、18.80和1.67 mg/L,去除率分别为88.99%、94.37%、96.74%、37.57%和41.58%,均能达到相应的排放标准。由于T型氧化沟中以好氧环境为主,缺乏厌氧和缺氧环境以及进水的BOD5/TN值低,工艺对有机物及NH3-N的去除效果较好,但TN和TP去除效果较低。提出了加强工艺脱氮除磷的措施,为同类型污水处理厂改造提供参考。     

FeⅡ(EDTA)络合协同RDB去除NO废气效能及过程分析

为进一步提高一氧化氮(NO)的去除效率,在新型生物转鼓反应器(rotating drum biofilter,RDB)中,以FeⅡ(EDTA)络合协同RDB生物转鼓的耦合技术强化难水溶性NO的气液传质速率,提高生物还原效能为目标进行了研究.结果表明,适量FeⅡ(EDTA)被添加到RDB底部营养液后,能迅速吸收气相中的NO并生成FeⅡ(EDTA)-NO络合物,进而可通过反硝化实现同步脱氮和络合剂再生.在转速0.5 r.min-1、空床停留时间(EBRT)57.7 s、温度30℃、pH 7～8的实验条件下,RDB的净化效能随络合剂的投加而显著改善;FeⅡ(EDTA)质量浓度从0增至500 mg.L-1后,NO去除率从61.1%提高到97.6%,去除负荷从16.2 g.(m3.h)-1上升到26.7 g.(m3.h)-1.分析了FeⅡ(EDTA)络合协同净化NO的反应过程,建立了NO净化效率与FeⅡ(EDTA)添加浓度的关联方程,可较好地拟合实验数据.     

Fe/Al改性膨润土对铬酸根的吸附性能研究

利用膨润土原矿提取了粒径小于2μm的膨润土胶体,经过钠质化处理后分别用聚羟基铁和聚羟基铝进行改性,然后用一次平衡法研究了改性膨润土对水体中铬酸根的吸附性能.结果表明,与原矿相比,改性膨润土对铬酸根的吸附量有了不同程度的提高,铁改性膨润土对铬酸根的吸附量大于铝改性者.CrO42-的吸附平衡浓度为0.5 mmol·L-1时,Mt-1(Fe)、Mt-2(Fe)和Mt-3(Al)对铬酸根的吸附量分别为271.0 mmol·kg-1、114.0 mmol·kg-1和16.1 mmol·kg-1.改性膨润土对铬酸根的吸附量随离子强度的增加而增大,随体系pH值的增加而减小.铬酸根在改性膨润土表面的吸附以专性吸附机制为主,静电吸附所占比例很小,一般不超过30%.这些研究结果可为开发新型水处理剂提供理论指导.     

A juvenile lizard specimen with well-preserved skin impressions from the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China

Lizards are now relatively well known from the Yixian Formation of northeastern China. In this study, we describe a juvenile lizard from a fossil horizon at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia. These beds predate the Yixian Formation, and are probably Late Jurassic or earliest Cretaceous in age. The new specimen thus documents the first lizard material from the Daohugou locality and is the earliest lizard skeleton from China. Comparisons with developmental stages of modern lizards suggest the Daohugou lizard is a hatchling. Although tiny, the specimen is notable in preserving exquisite skin impressions showing the variation in scalation across the body, the shape and position of the cloacal outlet, and details of the manus and pes. These are the earliest recorded lepidosaurian skin traces. In its general proportions and the possession of paired frontals, the small Daohugou lizard resembles both the Yixian taxon Yabeinosaurus tenuis and the questionable Jeholacerta formosa, but it differs from the latter in scalation and, based on other characters, may be distinct from both.     

Further evidence of nuclear reactions in the Pd/D lattice: emission of charged particles

Almost two decades ago, Fleischmann and Pons reported excess enthalpy generation in the negatively polarized Pd/D-D₂O system, which they attributed to nuclear reactions. In the months and years that followed, other manifestations of nuclear activities in this system were observed, viz. tritium and helium production and transmutation of elements. In this report, we present additional evidence, namely, the emission of highly energetic charged particles emitted from the Pd/D electrode when this system is placed in either an external electrostatic or magnetostatic field. The density of tracks registered by a CR-39 detector was found to be of a magnitude that provides undisputable evidence of their nuclear origin. The experiments were reproducible. A model based upon electron capture is proposed to explain the reaction products observed in the Pd/D-D₂O system.

催化剂Ru/ZrO2-CeO2催化湿式氧化苯酚

催化剂Ru/ZrO₂-CeO₂催化湿式氧化苯酚的过程表明,Ru/ZrO₂-CeO₂可以显著提高COD和苯酚去除效果,当反应温度为170℃,压力为3 MPa,反应120 min后,COD和苯酚的去除率分别达到了99％和100％.试验还考察了不同反应条件对苯酚溶液COD去除的影响,并获得了最优的反应条件：温度为170℃,压力为3 MPa,催化剂的投加量为5　g/Ｌ,搅拌速度为500 r/min.通过对中间产物的分析,本研究提出了催化湿式氧化苯酚的简单路径图,认为苯酚首先被氧化成小分子有机酸,接着小分子有机酸被氧化成二氧化碳和水.前一个过程是快速反应,后一个过程中的乙酸氧化是慢速过程,需要在高温下才能完成.乙酸的氧化主要是自由基攻击α碳上的C—H键,先生成甲酸,并最终生成二氧化碳和水.