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181.
182.
根据虚拟水与水足迹的理论与计算方法,对我国西北和中部地区虚拟水含量进行研究.首先计算2000年江西省主要农产品虚拟水含量和城乡居民生活消费虚拟水含量,得出粮食作物的虚拟水含量为284.81×108 m3;城镇居民人均消费主要产品的虚拟水量为768.27 m3;农村居民人均消费主要产品的虚拟水含量为670.17 m3.然后在前人计算结果的基础上,将江西省与陕西省的城乡居民生活消费虚拟水含量进行比较分析,发现城镇居民人均消费粮食虚拟水含量都低于农村居民,陕西省居民人均消费虚拟水含量中粮食虚拟水含量比重大于江西省居民.通过进一步研究居民的消费结构,得出调整区域生产与消费结构,增加虚拟水贸易,是缓解我国西北地区水资源短缺与社会经济发展矛盾的新途径的结论,并指出调整农村消费结构的关键是提高农业生产的机械化. 相似文献
183.
江西省地面塌陷的形成及其防治对策 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
曾昭华 《长江流域资源与环境》1998,7(1):70-75
论证了江西省地面塌陷的环境背景条件及其形成,特征,危害,控制因素以及防治对策,结果表明,非岩溶地面塌陷的发生和分布,除了与岩石性质和地质构造有关外,主要受人类工程活动的控制;而岩溶地面塌陷的发生和分布规律,除了与岩石性质和结构,地质构造,地形地貌,上覆第四系土层的性质和厚度等因素有关外,主要还受岩溶发育程度和地下水的动力条件控制。 相似文献
184.
Roman M. Wittig Catherine Crockford Robert M. Seyfarth Dorothy L. Cheney 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(6):899-909
Theory predicts that females in species with matrilineal dominance hierarchies should use nepotistic support systems to maintain
their family’s rank. Female Old World monkeys, however, form alliances against other females at surprisingly low rates. Nonetheless,
in many species, females utter threat vocalizations when observing others’ disputes, suggesting that these vocalizations may
function as ‘vocal alliances’. We describe a playback experiment testing the efficacy of vocal alliances in free-ranging female
baboons. Subjects were played the same female’s threat-grunts under three separate conditions: after being threatened by the
signaller’s close relative to mimic kin support, after being threatened by a female maternally unrelated to the signaller
to mimic non-kin support, and after a friendly interaction with the signaller’s close relative as a control. Subjects responded
more strongly to the playback and avoided the signaller and her matrilineal relatives for a longer period of time in kin support
trials than in either non-kin support or no aggression trials. In contrast, there was no difference in subjects’ behaviour
between non-kin support and no aggression trials. These results corroborate observational data showing that vocal support
occurs at a higher rate than physical support in female baboons, and that kin are more likely to provide vocal support than
non-kin. We conclude that vocal support plays a similar role as physical support in the alliances of female baboons. 相似文献
185.
The spatial links tool: Automated mapping of habitat linkages in variegated landscapes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The removal, alteration and fragmentation of habitat in many parts of the world has led to a loss of biodiversity. Within the prevailing societal limitations the process is not easily reversed. Attempts are being made to minimise the fragmentation of remaining habitat by strategically reversing or managing habitat loss. Although their relative usefulness is a topic of debate among ecologists, habitat corridors are seen as one way of maintaining spatially dependent ecological processes within landscapes where habitat has been seriously depleted. Corridors can only be effective if they significantly contribute to the species sustaining processes of gene flow, resource access or the colonisation of vacant patches. We present a spatial habitat modelling methodology for evaluating the contribution and potential contribution of connecting paths to landscape connectivity. We have developed the spatial links tool (SLT), which maps link value across a region. The SLT combines connectivity measures from metapopulation ecology with the least cost path algorithm from graph theory, and can be applied to continuously variable landscape data. Combined with expert judgement, link value maps can be used to delineate habitat corridors. The approach capitalises on some synergies between ecological relevance and computational efficiency to produce an easily applied heuristic tool that has been successfully applied in NSW Australia. 相似文献
186.
Vaughan H Whitelaw G Craig B Stewart C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,88(1-3):399-408
The paper describes the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network's (EMAN) operational and program response to certain challenges of environmental monitoring in Canada, in particular, efforts to improve the ability of the network to deliver relevant information to decision makers. In addition to its familiar roles, environmental monitoring should deliver feedback to society on environmental changes associated with development patterns, trends, processes and interventions. In order for such feedback to be effective, it must be relevant, timely, useful and accessible: all characteristics that are defined by the user, not the provider. Demand driven environmental monitoring is explored through EMAN's experiences with Canada's Biosphere Reserves, the NatureWatch Program and the Canadian Community Monitoring Network. 相似文献
187.
This paper presents a case study of the Abanico Medicinal Plant and Organic Agriculture Microenterprise Project in the Arenal Conservation Area, Costa Rica. Microenterprise is the Sustainable Development and the Women in Development model for gender equity and environment of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and large non-government organizations, like the World Wildlife Fund-Canada. The authors of this paper argue that debt-for-nature investment in microenterprise and ecological economic models are not distinct from neoclassical economic and development models that created the environmental, social and cultural crises in the first place. This case study shows that the world market accommodates only one model of development: unsustainable export-oriented production based on flexible labour markets, low wages, indebtedness and low cost production. Working standards in those micro-enterprises are eroded due to many factors,including indebtedness. What happened at a national level in non-industrial countries with the international debt crisis is now mirrored in individual indebtedness through microenterprise. Is current development policy creating a new form of indentured servitude? Medicinal plants, prior to commodification, were a source of women's power and upon commodification in international development projects, are the source of their exploitation. 相似文献
188.
科学划定“三线”(城镇开发边界、永久基本农田、生态保护红线)有利于合理安排国土空间资源,识别“三线冲突”强度影响因素,可加深对国土空间规划的认识。以省级空间规划试点区——江西省为例,通过“三线冲突强度指数”识别不同区域“三线冲突”差异,利用空间自相关分析探究空间特征,并应用地理加权回归模型分析不同冲突类型的影响因素。结果表明:研究区内,城镇—生态、城镇—农业、生态—农业、城镇—生态—农业冲突面积分别为4305.791 km2、2892.894 km2、1845.341 km2、159.444 km2,各类型冲突存在明显的空间聚集性;固定资产投资强度、建设用地适宜区面积占比和地形位指数分别为城镇—生态、城镇—农业和生态—农业冲突强度的主要影响因素,城镇化率和距河流距离对城镇—生态—农业冲突强度具有影响作用。研究结果可为今后合理布局“三线”、实现国土空间结构优化提供参考依据。 相似文献
189.
Distribution and transportation of mercury from glacier to lake in the Qiangyong Glacier Basin, southern Tibetan Plateau, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shiwei Sun Shichang Kang Jie Huang Chengding Li Junming Guo Qianggong Zhang Xuejun Sun Lekhendra Tripathee 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(6):213-223
The Tibetan Plateau is home to the largest aggregate of glaciers outside the Polar Regions and is a source of fresh water to 1.4 billion people. Yet little is known about the transportation and cycling of Hg in high-elevation glacier basins on Tibetan Plateau. In this study, surface snow,glacier melting stream water and lake water samples were collected from the Qiangyong Glacier Basin. The spatiotemporal distribution and transportation of Hg from glacier to lake were investigated. Significant diurnal variations of dissolved Hg(DHg) concentrations were observed in the river water, with low concentrations in the morning(8:00 am–14:00 pm) and high concentrations in the afternoon(16:00 pm–20:00 pm). The DHg concentrations were exponentially correlated with runoff, which indicated that runoff was the dominant factor affecting DHg concentrations in the river water. Moreover, significant decreases of Hg were observed during transportation from glacier to lake. DHg adsorption onto particulates followed by the sedimentation of particulate-bound Hg(PHg) could be possible as an important Hg removal mechanism during the transportation process. Significant decreases in Hg concentrations were observed downstream of Xiao Qiangyong Lake, which indicated that the high-elevation lake system could significantly affect the distribution and transportation of Hg in the Qiangyong Glacier Basin. 相似文献
190.
芦山大地震造成了巨大的生态破坏,导致了生态系统发生退化,尤其是地形条件极其复杂的山地生态系统退化更加严重。由于地震而引发的次生灾害对于山地生态系统的影响也非常显著。生态系统及其服务的可持续性是人类社会可持续发展的决定性约束因素,震后人类赖以生存与发展的自然环境面临威胁。因此,修复生态系统,实施生态补偿是震后保护生态环境问题的迫切需要。文章分析了芦山地震对灾区生态环境及自然保护区的影响,提出了震后生态补偿的思路、重难点和对策建议,以供雅安灾后生态重建借鉴。 相似文献