Sediment analysis to support the recent glacial origin of DDT pollution in Lake Iseo (Northern Italy)

In the present study, a depth-related distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in sediments of Lake Iseo, one of the major southern Alpine Italian lakes, is reported in order to further test the hypothesis of melting Alpine glaciers as a secondary source of contamination. In a previous paper, a “glacier contamination hypothesis” was suggested to explain the unexpected contamination of the biota of Lake Iseo, mainly fed by the Alpine melting ice.The sediment core analyses covered around the last 50 years. The organic matter profile evaluated as a Loss-On-Ignition percentage indicated transition of the basin from an oligotrophic to a mesotrophic status at around the early 1970s, but there was no evidence of the shift to eutrophy in the 1980s. Among DDTs, pp’DDE was the predominant metabolite, accounting on average for 79.4% of the total DDT concentrations and ranging from 6.4 to 447.5 ng g⁻¹ d.w. PCBs ranged from 5.0 to 163.7 ng g⁻¹ d.w. The maximum PCB concentrations were found in sediment layers corresponding to the 1970s when the highest production and use of these compounds occurred in Italy. In contrast, concentrations of DDTs showed a sharp increase from the early 1990s, long after their agricultural use was banned in Italy. This delayed pollution provides support for the hypothesis that the recent retreat of glaciers represents a secondary pollution source for old pesticides that were stored in the ice at the time of their use in agriculture.     

建设江西省本质安全型工业园区研究

在调查研究江西省工业园区发展现状和分析工业园区事故特点的基础上,结合江西省工业园区建设的实际情况及安全生产中存在的主要问题,运用人机原理和系统安全分析方法,提出江西省本质安全型工业园区建设的框架.     

Greenwashed sports and environmental activism: Formula 1 and FIFA†

ABSTRACT

Formula 1 motor sport and the Men's World Cup of association football, two major sporting events on our calendars, are indirectly and directly responsible for environmental despoliation. They serve as advertisements for heavy industry, are designed for elite as much as mass consumption, and provide sponsors with dubious social licenses to operate. This occurs through the very mechanisms of the events themselves (engines in Formula 1, tourism in the World Cup) as well as their promotional externalities. I look at greenwashing claims made about these two sporting events and examine counter-discourses, then investigate economic and ecological citizenship. I suggest that a progressive agenda can be forwarded if Greenpeace, which runs campaigns related to these sports, works with its fellow elites, in the case of Formula 1, and with fans in the case of football. Doing so may be more effective than business-as-usual direct action.     

Visual preference and ecological assessments for designed alternative brownfield rehabilitations

This paper describes an integrative method for quantifying, analyzing, and comparing the effects of alternative rehabilitation approaches with visual preference. The method was applied to a portion of a major industrial area located in southern Italy. Four alternative approaches to rehabilitation (alternative designs) were developed and analyzed. The scenarios consisted of the cleanup of the brownfields plus: (1) the addition of ground cover species; (2) the addition of ground cover species and a few trees randomly distributed; (3) the addition of ground cover species and a few trees in small groups; and (4) the addition of ground cover species and several trees in large groups. The approaches were analyzed and compared to the baseline condition through the use of cost-surface modeling (CSM) and visual preference assessment (VPA). Statistical results showed that alternatives that were more ecologically functional for forest bird species dispersal were also more visually preferable. Some differences were identified based on user groups and location of residence. The results of the study are used to identify implications for enhancing both ecological attributes and visual preferences of rehabilitating landscapes through planning and design.     

江西庐山自然保护区主要森林植被水土保持功能评价

随着环境压力的与日俱增以及森林过度采伐带来的生态危机的加剧,森林生态系统控制水土流失与涵养水源功能的量化及机理研究已成为各国生态学家、林学家、水土保持学家共同关注的课题。以江西庐山自然保护区的6种主要森林植被为研究对象,基于野外调查和室内实验获取的相关数据,采用层次分析法,选取郁闭度、丰富度指数、土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、土壤稳渗速率、枯落物储量、枯落物分解强度、海拔、坡度等15个指标构建多层次多指标的水土保持功能评价体系,根据层次总排序结果,分别计算出各指标的权重,并利用线型评分函数求出各森林植被类型水土保持功能的综合评价值,即6种主要森林植被类型水土保持功能排序为:常绿阔叶林玉山竹林常绿-落叶阔叶混交林落叶阔叶林黄山松林马尾松林。     

庐山不同海拔森林土壤中重金属含量分析

为阐明庐山森林土壤重金属含量及沿海拔梯度的分布特征,在庐山的南、北坡按200 m的高差分别选择6个和5个不同海拔采样点,分层(0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm)采集土样,测定了土壤Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量以及土壤基本理化性质。结果表明:对照我国土壤环境质量一级标准,庐山表层土壤Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd含量普遍超标,且北坡污染程度比南坡更重,其综合污染指数最高达2.54。随着海拔高度的增加,南坡Cu、Pb和Zn污染程度加重,而北坡未表现出这一变化规律。土壤重金属在剖面上的垂直分布是随着土层深度的增加而递减,证实了土壤重金属的污染主要来源于外部,而非成土母质。     

中部粮食主产区城镇化进程中农村土地变化的GIS分析和对策研究——以江西省为例

以中部地区的江西省为例,在分析其粮食产量变化轨迹基础上,选取1980、1995、2000年3个年份经过解译的LandsatTM遥感影像土地利用数据,应用GIS软件提取各年份土地利用类型及其面积数据,分析不同土地利用类型的变化轨迹,以及农业用地向城镇建设用地转变的面积及其分布。江西省的粮食总产量1978年开始不断提高,1985年后,年粮食总产量随年播种面积变化的趋势较明显,即播种面积高的年份,粮食的总产量也高。GIS分析结果显示,改革开放以来江西省绝大部分地区都出现了农业用地向城镇建设用地转变的现象,鄱阳湖平原地区成为农业用地向城镇建设用地转变的集中地区,农业用地向城镇建设用地转变较大的土地利用单元出现于京九铁路、浙赣铁路和湘赣铁路等交通沿线的大、中型城市周围。城镇化导致了耕地大面积减少,从而影响了粮食产量,协调对策主要有提高播种面积,引种优良作物品种,提高农民的种粮积极性等。     

赣南地区钨矿找矿史回顾及新一轮钨矿找矿思考

江西南部是驰名中外的黑钨矿富集区,不但黑钨矿储量之丰、品位之富、矿床之密集享誉世界,而且钨矿找矿理论与方法也为世界一流水平。本文首先简要回顾赣南钨矿勘查历史,概括第一轮钨矿找矿三大重要理论成果:一是标志带深部找矿;二是“数大脉”的就矿找矿;三是“探边摸底”发现岩体型钨矿;其次近年来在继承和发展上述理论成果基础上,取得的新增资源量与新发现矿产地,以及矿化新类型等重大进展。藉此,反映以往理论成果在新一轮钨矿找矿中的作用,证明赣南新一轮找钨矿的巨大潜力,并提出今后钨矿找矿方向和找矿方法,即三大主要思路:一是集中在“五大”钨矿找矿远景区,借助有利的找矿线索,运用“五层楼” “地下室”模式向老矿区外围、深部拓展找矿空间;二是不断开拓思路、扩大视野,通过“破碎蚀变岩型”等新类型钨矿找矿的突破,开辟新的找矿远景区或靶区;三是经过进一步探索,争取形成一套适用于该区钨矿找矿的快速评价方法,包括地球化学模型、模式类比等。     

世博会展馆内的空气微生物污染控制

文章研究了世博会展馆内空气微生物污染的控制问题。研究表明,参观人数为400人／小时的情况下,展馆内微生物气溶胶产生量达到44000cfu／h·m^3。空调过滤系统若采用中效过滤,展馆内空气微生物浓度可至4406cfu／m^3,仍超过《室内空气质量标准》2500cfu／m^3的浓度限值,需使用消毒技术净化展馆内空气。增加中效过滤器能够有效去除可吸入颗粒物,有助于降低室内空气微生物浓度。     

江西三清山花岗岩峰林地质公园特征及评价

三清山位处扬子板块与华夏板块结合带,区内花岗岩受北东、北西和北东东向三条断裂控制,形成典型的三角形断块山,地貌处于幼年晚期至壮年早期发育阶段.园区内花岗岩峰峦、峰丛、峰墙、峰柱、石芽及造型石等微地貌景观发育,类型齐全,分布集中,集结了花岗岩峰林地貌的精华,为世界罕见;兼具千年道教文化和秀美自然风光,具有极高的科研、科普和旅游观赏价值.