Analysis and application of forest fuels data

Recent advances in fire modeling permit quantitative estimations of fire behavior from quantitative inputs that describe the fuel array and conditions, such as weather and site data, under which it will burn. This paper describes the collection, analysis, and stratification of flammable forest fuels data for coniferous forest ecosystems in Montana and then illustrates the resource management application of these data in three areas: the development of the fire behavior model, a determination of the model's sensitivity to input errors as reflected by fire behavior prediction errors, and the development of a fire hazard simulator (TAROT). A new integrated stand simulator, GANDALF, is highlighted.Conclusions center on the need to integrate fire management into the land management planning decision-making process.This work was supported by a USDI National Park Service contract to Gradient Modeling, Inc., a nonprofit research foundation devoted to ecologic research and resource management applications, and by cooperative aid agreements between Gradient Modeling, Inc. and the USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Northern Forest Fire Laboratory (Fire in Multiple Use Management, R, D, and A Program).     

Kosovo-Konflikt: ?kologische Auswirkungen

Zusammenfassung  Der WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature), Initiator und Tr?ger des Donau-Karpaten-Programms, besch?ftigt sich seit Beginn des Kosovo-Konfliktes mit den Auswirkungen der kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen auf Natur und Mensch und versucht, die Welt?ffentiichkeit entsprechend zu informieren. Ende Juli 1999 hat der WWF International eine Mission, bestehend aus unabh?ngigen Toxikologinnen und ?lexperten, an die Donau entsandt. Unter der Leitung von Philip Weller, dem Direktor des WWF Donau-Karpaten-Programms, wurden drei Tag lang Industriekomplexe besichtigt und Gespr?che mit Betroffenen geführt. Die Reise führte das Team nach Panćevo und Novi Sad, und damit zu den Schwerpunkten der zerst?rten Chemie- und Petrochemischen Komplexe. In den betroffenen Werken, HIP AZOTARA, Panćevo und NIS ?lraffinerie, Novi Sad wurde das Team von den jeweiligen Werkleitern geführt. Gespr?che fanden statt mit dem Bürgermeister von Panćevo und Vertretern des Gesundheitsamtes in Belgrad. Es war dem Team m?glich, Boden- und Wasserproben zu nehmen und zu analysieren. Damit liegen den Autoren unabh?ngige Analysenergebnisse vor, die es gestatten, eine erste, orientierende Einsch?tzung der Kontaminationen vorzunehmen.      

基于天地图API的地质灾害管理信息系统研究与应用

在通过天地图API获取基础地理信息并辅以地质灾害专题数据的基础上,研究了移动GIS、Web API、LBS等技术的融合运用,结合地质灾害业务管理流程,设计开发出一套地灾管理系统。根据应用环境不同系统分为移动终端和指挥管理平台两套子系统,移动终端主要实现灾点现场调巡查记录、业务分析、速报及数据上传,指挥管理后台主要实现数据分析、任务指派和信息管理等功能。应用实例中针对移动GIS端与Web端的数据管理和交互反馈作出评述,并就未来应用方向作出展望。     

江西洪涝灾害的时空分布规律

洪涝灾害是江西农业灾害的主要文种之一,也是全省农业及经济持续发展的重要制约因素之一．本文通过对全省８５个县（市）近５０ａ洪涝灾害资料的统计、对比和分析,揭示了江酉洪涝灾害的时空分布规律,为全省制定防洪减涝对策和措施提供了重要决策依据．     

江西崇义淘锡坑大型钨矿床成矿花岗岩体研究

简介了江西崇义淘锡坑大型钨矿床的地质背景、矿化特征,详细叙述了淘锡坑岩体的形态、分布、矿物成分、化学成分,归纳了最新的同位素年龄及地球化学数据,探讨了淘锡坑岩体作为成矿母岩的成矿作用,并对其整体形态进行了预测,分析了下步的找矿有利地段。     

江西省龙南县汤湖地热资源浅析

江西省龙南县汤湖地热田地表热水温度62~72°C,涌水量3095 m3/d。热水中偏硅酸、锂、锶、氟及氡含量较高,微硫化氢气味,无生物、化学污染,可用于采暖、医疗、洗浴。     

Ranking Lepidopteran Use of Native Versus Introduced Plants

Abstract:  In light of the wide-scale replacement of native plants in North America with introduced, invasive species and noninvasive ornamental plants that evolved elsewhere, we compared the value of native and introduced plants in terms of their ability to serve as host plants for Lepidoptera. Insect herbivores such as Lepidoptera larvae are critically important components of terrestrial food webs and any reduction in their biomass or diversity due to the loss of acceptable host plants is predicted to reduce the production of the many insectivores in higher trophic levels. We conducted an exhaustive search of host records in the literature. We used the data we gathered to rank all 1385 plant genera that occur in the mid-Atlantic states of the United States by their ability to support Lepidoptera richness. Statistical comparisons were made with Welch's test for equality of means. Woody plants supported more species of moths and butterflies than herbaceous plants, native plants supported more species than introduced plants, and native woody plants with ornamental value supported more Lepidoptera species than introduced woody ornamentals. All these differences were highly significant. Our rankings provide a relative measure that will be useful for restoration ecologists, landscape architects and designers, land managers, and landowners who wish to raise the carrying capacity of particular areas by selecting plants with the greatest capacity for supporting biodiversity.     

江西省城市化与生态综合响应程度分析

在构建城市化综合指数与生态综合指数的指标体系和评价方法的基础上,提出了综合响应度模型,并对江西省进行了分析。研究显示:①改革开放以来,江西省城市化综合指数逐步提高,现已进入城市化快速发展时期;而江西省生态综合指数及其分量不仅表现波动规律,还呈现出不同的变化特征。②1978~1990年间的生态综合指数及其分量与城市化的综合响应度普遍高于整个考察期和1991~2005年间的综合响应度,反映出在1978~1990年间江西省生态对城市化进程具有更强的敏感强度。可见在城市化增长阶段与生态质量改善阶段并不具有一一对应的关系,其结构变异不仅和城市化本身的推进模式有关,更重要的是和生态建设及保护的方式有关。     

江西省生态文明建设的系统仿真与优化

区域生态文明建设是以社会—经济—资源—环境为核心的动态复合巨系统。运用系统动力学的理论与方法,系统分析江西省生态文明建设诸要素间的相互作用,构建江西省生态文明建设系统动力学模型,以历史数据为基础进行仿真检验,证明模型结构、行为与实际状况是一致的。模拟维持现状、经济优先、资源环境优先和协调发展等4种方案条件下,2011~2030年间江西省生态文明建设发展现状及其演变趋势,并对系统仿真方案进行优化分析,结果表明:到2030年,在协调发展模式下,其能源供需平衡指数为–0.113,环境污染程度为0.083,既使社会经济高效发展,又促进资源集约利用、生态环境友好,是江西省生态文明建设发展的较优方案。研究为江西省开展生态文明先行示范区建设提供决策参考。