长江中游江西江段(上段)防洪干堤基础环境地质问题浅析

江西连年来发生水患灾害，在全国属较为严重的省份之一。在每年汛期（4～8月）为水患灾害发生的高峰期。长江中游江西江段是江西防洪的 主要地带，近年来由于该段防洪干堤经第一、第二期修堤工程，坝体稳固，虽然1998年、1999年长江大水没有造成溃堤，但潜在的水患地质灾害仍是非常严重。作者通过对野外实地进行调查，访问，对防洪干堤隐伏的工程地质问题进行了初步分析。     

近30a江西省农田土壤pH时空变化及其与酸雨和施肥量间关系

论文以1979—1986年(以下简称1980S)江西省第二次土壤普查时期和2005—2012年(以下简称2010S)江西省测土配方施肥阶段这两个时期的pH数据成果为基础,运用ArcGIS对比分析30 a间江西省农田土壤pH的时空变化。结果表明:江西省农田土壤pH总体呈酸化趋势,2010S江西省农田土壤pH平均值为5.24,较30 a前的5.77下降了0.53;全省酸化趋向西南,其中酸化最突出的地区为赣州市,其次是鄱阳湖周边,特别是南昌市、鹰潭市,pH降幅较大;赣北局部地区农田土壤pH有所上升。定量分析氮施用量与酸雨对农田土壤酸化的影响,结果显示:氮施用量、酸雨强度的差异和农田土壤酸化程度在空间上存在一定的相关性,长期过量施用氮肥是江西省农田土壤酸化的主要原因,地区土壤pH酸化程度同氮肥施用量呈显著正相关,且在30 a间,施肥量每增加50 kg/hm~2,农田土壤pH下降0.26个单位;地区土壤pH酸化程度同酸雨pH值呈显著负相关,且随着酸雨pH值越低,农田土壤酸化速率越快。     

江西省会昌县淘锡坝大型锡矿床构造控矿机制探讨

淘锡坝锡矿床是近年探明储量达大型的锡矿床,是一种新的锡矿类型-隐爆层间裂隙带型。文章介绍了该矿床的地质特征和矿化特征,对矿区的构造进行了重点解剖,对构造控矿机理进行了探讨,提出火山机构及北东向断裂是矿区的控岩构造,控制了白垩纪成矿花岗岩体的侵入就位。而火山岩中大范围的隐爆层间裂隙带是良好的容矿构造,矿体赋存其中呈似层状,局部膨大形成厚达数十米的"锡矿包"。通过研究构造与矿化富集的内在联系,总结了该矿床的成矿规律。     

论江西洪涝灾害

在调查研究的基础上 ,依据大量历史资料 ,对建国 50 a年来江西洪涝灾害发生的类型、面积及其造成的严重损失进行了分析 ,并提出了防御洪涝灾害的对策和措施 ,对减轻江西洪涝灾害 ,实现全省农业跨世纪的持续发展具有指导意义     

Landscape ecology and conservation management—Evaluation of alternatives in a highway EIA process

The use of an Integrated Landscape Ecological Approach on the evaluation of the impact of a proposed highway over a high sensitive habitat of the highly endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardina L) is described. This method prevents the occurrence of common errors in the decision making process by allowing an increased knowledge of the ecological constraints of the project. It builds, consequently, a very powerful tool for nature conservation assessment and for the ecological evaluation and the decision process in situations of low ecological data availability. The conflict of arguments on the consistency of the conclusions of the method is also described.     

干旱区内陆艾比湖流域平原区景观生态安全评价研究

在构建基于景观尺度的生态安全评价模型基础上,分析了1990-2005年干旱区内陆艾比湖流域平原区的景观生态安全变化特征。结果表明:研究区景观生态安全状况可以分为3个层次,并以河流、湖泊及沼泽为主的湿地景观所在区域的生态安全程度相对较高。1990-2005年,研究区生态安全状况呈现"V"字型变化趋势,其中生态安全评价指数相对较低区域的面积所占比例呈现先增加后减少、总体上趋于增加的状态;而生态安全指数相对较高区域的面积所占比例呈现先减少后增加、总体上趋于减少的状态。     

Human–wildlife coexistence in a changing world

Human–wildlife conflict (HWC) is a key topic in conservation and agricultural research. Decision makers need evidence-based information to design sustainable management plans and policy instruments. However, providing objective decision support can be challenging because realities and perceptions of human–wildlife interactions vary widely between and within rural, urban, and peri-urban areas. Land users who incur costs through wildlife argue that wildlife-related losses should be compensated and that prevention should be subsidized. Supporters of human–wildlife coexistence policies, such as urban-dwelling people, may not face threats to their livelihoods from wildlife. Such spatial heterogeneity in the cost and benefits of living with wildlife is germane in most contemporary societies. This Special Section features contributions on wildlife-induced damages that range from human perspectives (land use, psychology, governance, local attitudes and perceptions, costs and benefits, and HWC and coexistence theory) to ecological perspectives (animal behavior). Building on current literature and articles in this section, we developed a conceptual model to help frame HWC and coexistence dimensions. The framework can be used to determine damage prevention implementation levels and approaches to HWC resolution. Our synthesis revealed that inter- and transdisciplinary approaches and multilevel governance approaches can help stakeholders and institutions implement sustainable management strategies that promote human–wildlife coexistence.     

江西省生态文明建设的系统仿真与优化

区域生态文明建设是以社会—经济—资源—环境为核心的动态复合巨系统。运用系统动力学的理论与方法,系统分析江西省生态文明建设诸要素间的相互作用,构建江西省生态文明建设系统动力学模型,以历史数据为基础进行仿真检验,证明模型结构、行为与实际状况是一致的。模拟维持现状、经济优先、资源环境优先和协调发展等4种方案条件下,2011~2030年间江西省生态文明建设发展现状及其演变趋势,并对系统仿真方案进行优化分析,结果表明:到2030年,在协调发展模式下,其能源供需平衡指数为–0.113,环境污染程度为0.083,既使社会经济高效发展,又促进资源集约利用、生态环境友好,是江西省生态文明建设发展的较优方案。研究为江西省开展生态文明先行示范区建设提供决策参考。     

Climate Change and Water Resources in Arid Mountains: An Example from the Bolivian Andes

Climate change is projected to have a strongly negative effect on water supplies in the arid mountains of South America, significantly impacting millions of people. As one of the poorest countries in the region, Bolivia is particularly vulnerable to such changes due to its limited capacity to adapt. Water security is threatened further by glacial recession with Bolivian glaciers losing nearly half their ice mass over the past 50 years raising serious water management concerns. This review examines current trends in water availability and glacier melt in the Bolivian Andes, assesses the driving factors of reduced water availability and identifies key gaps in our knowledge of the Andean cryosphere. The lack of research regarding permafrost water sources in the Bolivian Andes is addressed, with focus on the potential contribution to mountain water supplies provided by rock glaciers.