Directions of Change in Land Cover and Landscape Patterns from 1957 to 2000 in Agricultural Landscapes in NW Spain

The aim of this work is the analysis of the dynamics in cultural landscapes, focused on the spatial distribution of changes in land cover and landscape patterns, and their possible linkages. These dynamics have been analyzed for the years 1957 and 2000 in a sector of the north of Galicia (NW Spain) characterized with diverse landscapes. Afforestation processes linked to agriculture abandonment and forestry specialization were the main processes observed in the study area, with the exception of the southern mountainous sector that was dominated by ploughing of scrubland for conversion into grassland, reflecting a specialization in livestock production. The structural changes that have taken place in most of the study area were related to the heterogeneity aspects, although the mountainous sectors were characterized by changes in heterogeneity and fragmentation. According to the tests performed, the comparison of the spatial distribution of both dynamics showed a certain statistical significance, reflecting the interrelationship between patterns and processes. This approach could be useful for the identification of areas with similar characteristics in terms of spatial dynamics so as to define more effective and targeted landscape planning and management strategies.     

Implications of Land Use/Land Cover Change in the Buffer Zone of a National Park in the Tropical Andes

The impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) change in buffer zones surrounding protected ecological reserves have important implications for the management and conservation of these protected areas. This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of LULC change along the boundary of Rio Abiseo National Park in the Northern Peruvian Andes. Landscape change within four ecological zones was evaluated based on trends expected to occur between 1987 and 2001. Landsat TM and ETM imagery were used to produce LULC classification maps for both years using a hybrid supervised/unsupervised approach. LULC changes were measured using landscape metrics and from-to change maps created by post-classification change detection. Contrary to expectations, tropical upper wet montane forest increased despite being threatened by human-induced fires and cattle grazing of the highland grasslands inside the park. Within the park’s buffer zone, tropical moist forest remnants were fragmented into more numerous and smaller patches between 1987 and 2001; this was in part due to conversion into agricultural land. The methods used in this study provide an effective way to monitor LULC change detection and support the management of protected areas and their surrounding environments.     

Forest depletion: Some policy options

The problem of forest depletion needs to be given serious consideration in developing countries due to the preponderance of exploitative factors over regenerative factors. In most of the developing countries there is over-exploitation of forest resources and, unless an integrated forest resource policy is formulated and implemented, forest resources of the Third World will become the greatest ‘tragedy of the commons’.     

蒙城台磁变仪跳动及其原因的初探

2001-03-09蒙城地震台地磁磁变仪CB-3(观测仪，备份仪)同时出现三个分量动线的跳动，分析表明蒙城地震台地磁总强度F、 垂直强度Z发生变化。 其原因可能是强电流作用下，地下介质电性变化所致。     

1996年江西省洪涝灾害的对策及启示

简要论述了1996年江西省境内发生的4次严重的洪涝灾害,总结防汛减灾中的成功经验;针对洪涝灾害抗灾救灾中存在的几个主要问题,探讨今后防讯减灾对策。     

江西中部地区中元古代地层

江西中部，即沿浙赣铁路之南地区出露的变质岩系，地层学特点显示其是前震旦系，同位素年龄表明其为中元古代地层。     

Birds as Suppliers of Seed Dispersal in Temperate Ecosystems: Conservation Guidelines from Real‐World Landscapes

Abstract: Seed dispersal by animals is considered a pivotal ecosystem function that drives plant‐community dynamics in natural habitats and vegetation recovery in human‐altered landscapes. Nevertheless, there is a lack of suitable ecological knowledge to develop basic conservation and management guidelines for this ecosystem service. Essential questions, such as how well the abundance of frugivorous animals predicts seeding function in different ecosystems and how anthropogenic landscape heterogeneity conditions the role of dispersers, remain poorly answered. In three temperate ecosystems, we studied seed dispersal by frugivorous birds in landscape mosaics shaped by human disturbance. By applying a standardized design across systems, we related the frequency of occurrence of bird‐dispersed seeds throughout the landscape to the abundance of birds, the habitat features, and the abundance of fleshy fruits. Abundance of frugivorous birds in itself predicted the occurrence of dispersed seeds throughout the landscape in all ecosystems studied. Even those landscape patches impoverished due to anthropogenic disturbance received some dispersed seeds when visited intensively by birds. Nonetheless, human‐caused landscape degradation largely affected seed‐deposition patterns by decreasing cover of woody vegetation or availability of fruit resources that attracted birds and promoted seed dispersal. The relative role of woody cover and fruit availability in seed dispersal by birds differed among ecosystems. Our results suggest that to manage seed dispersal for temperate ecosystem preservation or restoration one should consider abundance of frugivorous birds as a surrogate of landscape‐scale seed dispersal and an indicator of patch quality for the dispersal function; woody cover and fruit resource availability as key landscape features that drive seedfall patterns; and birds as mobile links that connect landscape patches of different degrees of degradation and habitat quality via seed deposition.     

137Cs示踪红壤丘陵区坡地土壤侵蚀的研究--以江西丰城市为例

通过137Cs示踪技术,并采用相关的土壤侵蚀定量模型,对红壤丘陵区江西丰城市坡面不同土地利用类型、方式以及不同地貌部位的土壤侵蚀进行了研究。结果表明：研究区137Cs的本底值为1 992.45±145.63 Bq/m2;试验区典型坡地不同地貌部位均存在着一定程度的土壤侵蚀,且侵蚀强度总的变化趋势为坡底部>坡中部>坡顶部;不同土地利用类型和方式下的坡面侵蚀强度亦呈现一定的分异现象,从大到小依次为耕作土坡面>退耕30年+退耕1年混合坡面>退耕30年坡面>荒坡。     

闽赣地区跨断层垂直形变与地震关系初探

利用闽赣地区跨断层流动垂直形变测量资料 ,对该地区断层现今活动的动态过程及空间分布进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,闽赣地区断层现今活动具有时空不均一性 :时间上具有准同步转折及阶段性特点 ,各阶段的活动速率和方式不同 ;空间上具有区域差异性 ,坑北—前梧断层活动速率最高 ,白竹湖断层活动速率最低。讨论了断层活动与地震的关系 ,认为 1984年以来 4次准同步转折均与地震有关。     

上海迎世博轨道交通快速发展的碳减排效益

为研究2007年以来上海轨道交通建设提速带来的温室气体减排效益,对上海市内出行结构与碳排放量历年变化进行了分析,并进一步采用情景分析法,对实际情景(轨道交通加速发展)与基准情景(轨道交通常速发展)下市内出行碳排放进行了对比.结果表明,2007年以来轨道交通吸收了全市客运增长量的50%,不仅缓解了个体机动车迅速增长带来的拥堵和污染等问题,也使得整个上海市内客运交通在客运量迅速攀升的同时,碳排放总量增长速度却有了明显放缓.与基准情景相比,2007年1月初至2010年10月底世博会结束这段时期内,实际情景下上海轨道交通的快速发展使市内出行碳排放总量相对减排了78.9万tCO2当量.