江西省主要城市建设用地地质环境初步评价

该文简单介绍了江西省主要城市的自然地理、区域环境地质背景及社会经济概况;阐述了对城市建设用地地质环境质量评价目的,进而采用敏感因子—模糊综合评价方法,对全省11个主要城市的建设用地地质环境质量进行了评价。江西省各主要城市的城市建设用地地质环境质量总体较好,其中地质环境质量80%以上为好和较好的有抚州市和九江市,地质环境质量50%~72%为好和较好的有吉安市、新余市、南昌市和上饶市,地质环境质量30%~40%为好和较好的有鹰潭市和宜春市,地质环境质量为好和较好的在30%以下的有萍乡市、赣州市和景德镇市。     

江西珍稀濒危植物资源与保护

经调查统计，江西分布有国家第一批珍稀濒危保护植物７４种，比《中国珍稀濒危植物》记载本省的种类（４８种）增加了２６种。本文论述了本省珍稀植物濒危的原因和我省自然保护的实际情况，提出了保护、发展和合理利用珍稀濒危植物资源的意见。     

Brazil's Balbina Dam: Environment versus the legacy of the Pharaohs in Amazonia

The Balbina Dam in Brazil's state of Amazonas floods 2360 km² of tropical forest to generate an average of only 112.2 MW of electricity. The flat topography and small size of the drainage basin make output small. Vegetation has been left to decompose in the reservoir, resulting in acidic, anoxic water that will corrode the turbines. The shallow reservoir contains 1500 islands and innumerable stagnant bays where the water's residence time will be even longer than the average time of over one year. Balbina was built to supply electricity to Manaus, a city that has grown so much while the dam was under construction that other alternatives are already needed. Government subsidies explain the explosive growth, including Brazil's unified tariff for electricity. Alternative power sources for Manaus include transmission from more distant dams or from recently discovered oil and natural gas deposits. Among Balbina's impacts are loss of potential use of the forest and displacement of about one third of the surviving members of a much-persecuted Amerindian tribe: the Waimiri-Atroari. The dam was closed on 1 October 1987 and the first of five generators began operation in February 1989. The example of Balbina points to important ways that the decision-making process could be improved in Brazil and in the international funding agencies that have directly and indirectly contributed to the project. Environmental impact analyses must be completed prior to decisions on overall project implementation and must be free of influence from project proponents. The current environmental impact assessment system in Brazil, as in many other countries, has an undesirable influence on science policy, in addition to failing to address the underlying causes of environmentally destructive development processes and inability to halt irreversible projects like Balbina.     

Birds as Suppliers of Seed Dispersal in Temperate Ecosystems: Conservation Guidelines from Real‐World Landscapes

Abstract: Seed dispersal by animals is considered a pivotal ecosystem function that drives plant‐community dynamics in natural habitats and vegetation recovery in human‐altered landscapes. Nevertheless, there is a lack of suitable ecological knowledge to develop basic conservation and management guidelines for this ecosystem service. Essential questions, such as how well the abundance of frugivorous animals predicts seeding function in different ecosystems and how anthropogenic landscape heterogeneity conditions the role of dispersers, remain poorly answered. In three temperate ecosystems, we studied seed dispersal by frugivorous birds in landscape mosaics shaped by human disturbance. By applying a standardized design across systems, we related the frequency of occurrence of bird‐dispersed seeds throughout the landscape to the abundance of birds, the habitat features, and the abundance of fleshy fruits. Abundance of frugivorous birds in itself predicted the occurrence of dispersed seeds throughout the landscape in all ecosystems studied. Even those landscape patches impoverished due to anthropogenic disturbance received some dispersed seeds when visited intensively by birds. Nonetheless, human‐caused landscape degradation largely affected seed‐deposition patterns by decreasing cover of woody vegetation or availability of fruit resources that attracted birds and promoted seed dispersal. The relative role of woody cover and fruit availability in seed dispersal by birds differed among ecosystems. Our results suggest that to manage seed dispersal for temperate ecosystem preservation or restoration one should consider abundance of frugivorous birds as a surrogate of landscape‐scale seed dispersal and an indicator of patch quality for the dispersal function; woody cover and fruit resource availability as key landscape features that drive seedfall patterns; and birds as mobile links that connect landscape patches of different degrees of degradation and habitat quality via seed deposition.     

江西省生态安全面临的问题和生态建设对策

江西生态安全面临着以下主要问题:1)生态资源锐减;2)生态破坏;3)水土流失;4)土地沙化;5)环境污染;6)生物入侵;7)灾害频发;8)生物多样性降低;9)食品安全面临挑战;10)其他问题,如贫困、人口素质偏低、疾病和公共卫生存在诸多问题等.为确保新阶段江西生态安全,必须加强生态建设,并采取以下具体对策和措施:1)开展植树造林,不断提高森林覆盖率;2)加强水利建设,增强抗灾能力;3)采取综合措施,整治生态环境;4)制定和完善法律、法规,做到以法维护生态安全;5)加强生态教育,提升生态素质;6)建立激励机制,实行有偿保护;7)增加经费投入,加强队伍建设;8)强化科学研究,确保生态安全.     

上海迎世博轨道交通快速发展的碳减排效益

为研究2007年以来上海轨道交通建设提速带来的温室气体减排效益,对上海市内出行结构与碳排放量历年变化进行了分析,并进一步采用情景分析法,对实际情景(轨道交通加速发展)与基准情景(轨道交通常速发展)下市内出行碳排放进行了对比.结果表明,2007年以来轨道交通吸收了全市客运增长量的50%,不仅缓解了个体机动车迅速增长带来的拥堵和污染等问题,也使得整个上海市内客运交通在客运量迅速攀升的同时,碳排放总量增长速度却有了明显放缓.与基准情景相比,2007年1月初至2010年10月底世博会结束这段时期内,实际情景下上海轨道交通的快速发展使市内出行碳排放总量相对减排了78.9万tCO2当量.     

137Cs示踪红壤丘陵区坡地土壤侵蚀的研究--以江西丰城市为例

通过137Cs示踪技术,并采用相关的土壤侵蚀定量模型,对红壤丘陵区江西丰城市坡面不同土地利用类型、方式以及不同地貌部位的土壤侵蚀进行了研究。结果表明：研究区137Cs的本底值为1 992.45±145.63 Bq/m2;试验区典型坡地不同地貌部位均存在着一定程度的土壤侵蚀,且侵蚀强度总的变化趋势为坡底部>坡中部>坡顶部;不同土地利用类型和方式下的坡面侵蚀强度亦呈现一定的分异现象,从大到小依次为耕作土坡面>退耕30年+退耕1年混合坡面>退耕30年坡面>荒坡。     

闽赣地区跨断层垂直形变与地震关系初探

利用闽赣地区跨断层流动垂直形变测量资料 ,对该地区断层现今活动的动态过程及空间分布进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,闽赣地区断层现今活动具有时空不均一性 :时间上具有准同步转折及阶段性特点 ,各阶段的活动速率和方式不同 ;空间上具有区域差异性 ,坑北—前梧断层活动速率最高 ,白竹湖断层活动速率最低。讨论了断层活动与地震的关系 ,认为 1984年以来 4次准同步转折均与地震有关。     

哈密庙尔沟平顶冰川积雪中粉尘微粒沉积特征

通过2004-2005年夏季在天山哈密庙尔沟平顶冰川采集的雪坑样品,对冰川积雪中大气粉尘的沉积特征进行了分析研究.分析结果表明,哈密庙尔沟平顶冰川粒径介于0.57相似文献   

Knowing, Mapping and Understanding st. Lawrence Biodiversity, with Special Emphasis on Bird Assemblages

Environment Canada and the Québec Department of the Environment, partners in the St Lawrence Vision 2000 Action Plan, set out to prepare a compendium of knowledge of the flora and fauna of the St Lawrence and to identify potential conservation sites. The resulting Portrait is an Internet site that presents the current knowledge base of the river's ecological and biological diversity (http://lavoieverte.qc.ec.gc.ca/faune/biodiv/index.html). The Portrait provides information on over 5,000 species of flora and fauna. On the website, you will find a detailed ecological analysis of the richness, rarity and vulnerability of several broad groups of plant and animal species. Furthermore, you will find a list of species for each of the 700 survey units and a distribution map for 2,500 species recorded along the St Lawrence., in atlas form, along with a detailed conservation plan. The plan encompasses the most unique and heterogeneous landscapes of the St Lawrence, some of which have no protection at present. The Portrait provides an overview of the sites that are currently protected by public agencies and private-sector organisations and identifies new sites of interest for conserving biodiversity and protecting species at risk. This paper exposes the content of this extensive compendium on the biodiversity of the St. Lawrence. For conciseness, it presents some of the analyses conducted on birds to illustrate a few of the analytical approaches that were used. Then, the information on species richness and concentration areas for priority species of vascular plants, breeding birds and herpetofauna will serve to identify the terrestrial sites of significance for biodiversity. Finally, a similar approach having been applied to the aquatic environnement, we will conclude with a conservation plan that identifies the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and the geographic sites where the most important elements of St. Lawrence biodiversity are concentrated. Our analysis of the biodiversity of the most thoroughly studied taxa of the St. Lawrence clearly shows the importance of wetlands, particularly those located at the mouths of rivers or within archipelagos or delta complexes, such as the groups of islands and channels found at both ends of the Montréal Archipelago. These aquatic landscapes are sites of intense biological production, combining in a small geographical area spawning, nursery and feeding grounds for a large number of fish species and breeding, rearing and foraging areas for aquatic birds. Variable flooding conditions, associated with seasonal flooding or daily tidal fluctuations, create a complex mosaic of wetland and aquatic habitats. Although wetlands occupy only a small area in comparison with terrestrial habitats, they support a large number of rare plant and animal species in relation to their size. At present, 10% of the vascular flora and 27% of the herpetofauna of the St. Lawrence are at risk. In the case of reptiles and amphibians, the situation is especially worrisome because nearly all of the most threatened species live in a narrow band along the river corridor. Not only is this the sector that is under the greatest pressure from human development, very little public land remains here, making it difficult to create protected areas. Increased participation by non-governmental organisations and individuals, through private stewardship arrangements, is an essential precondition for completing the network of conservation areas in this part of the St. Lawrence. Along the estuary and the Gulf, habitat integrity has not been affected as much by the expansion of Québec's human population. This is a vast territory, and sites have been identified with a view to making up for the deficiencies in the present network of protected sites in terms of representing biodiversity.