包装印刷VOCs废气治理

介绍了应用吸附 催化燃烧法原理 ,采用FCJ型有机废气净化装置进行包装印刷厂挥发性有机化合物 (VOCs)废气治理 ,详细描述了包装印刷车间VOCs废气治理的工艺过程及其治理效果。测试结果表明 ,应用这类工艺和设备可以有效地进行大风量的VOCs废气治理 ,净化治理效果达到了国家二级排放标准。     

中国燃煤汞排放清单的初步建立

建立中国分省燃煤汞排放清单,对于研究汞的大气化学转化、迁移和沉降,制定中国汞污染控制对策具有重要意义.本研究按经济部门、燃料类型、燃烧方式和污染控制技术将排放源划分为65种不同类型,根据各类型的煤炭消费量、燃料汞含量和汞排放因子计算汞排放量,最终建立了分省燃煤汞排放清单.用2组原煤汞含量数据资料计算的2000年中国燃煤大气汞排放量分别为161.6 t和219.5 t,其中绝大部分汞排放来自工业、电力和生活消费,分别占46%、35%和14%.Hg⁰、Hg²⁺和Hg_p在中国燃煤大气汞排放中所占的比例分别为16%、61%和23%.中国燃煤汞排放在各地区间有较大差异,排放量较大的省份有河南、山西、河北、辽宁和江苏,均超过10t/a.     

Ce/Zr系列催化剂上碳颗粒物燃烧行为

分别在TG和TPO上考察了CeO₂,ZrO₂及不同Ce/Zr比的CexZr1-xO₂固溶体催化剂上soot的燃烧性能,同时考察了反应气氛对活性的影响.结果表明:Ce基催化剂能明显降低soot的起燃温度,Ce/Zr比的不同导致Ce_xZr_1-xO₂催化剂性能的差异.反应的速度控制步骤随O₂浓度的不同而改变;H₂O对Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂上soot的氧化活性基本没有影响;由于NO氧化产生的NO₂具有更强的的氧化能力,因此NO对soot的燃烧具有促进作用,起燃温度降低了30℃.催化剂上的β氧种参与了soot燃烧过程.     

Chemical composition and properties of ashes from combustion plants using Miscanthus as fuel

Miscanthus giganteus is one of the energy crops considered to show potential for a substantial contribution to sustainable energy production. In the literature there is little data available about the chemical composition of ashes from the combustion of Miscanthus and practically no data about their physical properties. However, for handling, treatment and utilization of the ashes this information is important. In this study ashes from two biomass combustion plants using Miscanthus as fuel were investigated. The density of the ashes was 2230 ± 35 kg/m~3, which was similar to the density of ashes from straw combustion. Also the bulk densities were close to those reported for straw ashes. The flowability of the ashes was a little worse than the flowability of ashes from wood combustion. The measured heavy metal concentrations were below the usual limits for utilization of the ashes as soil conditioner. The concentrations in the bottom ash were similar to those reported for ash from forest residue combustion plants. In comparison with cyclone fly ashes from forest residue combustion the measured heavy metal concentrations in the cyclone fly ash were considerably lower. Cl-, S and Zn were enriched in the cyclone fly ash which is also known for ashes from wood combustion. In comparison with literature data obtained from Miscanthus plant material the concentrations of K, Cl-and S were lower.This can be attributed to the fact that the finest fly ash is not collected by the cyclone de-dusting system of the Miscanthus combustion plants.     

Improved source assessment of Si, Al and related mineral components to PM10 based on a daily sampling procedure

Samples obtained from an industrialized valley in the East Alpine region were collected daily for a half year and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to examine the elements Si,Al,Fe,Ca,Mg,Na,K,Zn,P,S and Cl.Some factors affecting the changes of these elements were considered,including time,elemental correlations,weekday,weekend and seasonal changes.Diagnostic analysis provided an insight into a decoupling behavior that occursin siliceous and carbonates minerals.A decrease in Si and Al and an increase in carbonates,Na,K,Zn and P were observed during the cold season.However,a consistently high correlation of Si and Al was observed in all seasons.It was established that such high levels originated from street surface abrasion.The increase in variability and absolute levels of carbonates during the cold season was demonstrated by adding carbonates to the street surface as gritting material to increase the grip on snowy surfaces.A marked increase in Na and Cl was observed in winter which may have been caused by thaw salt that is widely used in winter in Austria.This was associated with a significant increase in K,Zn,and P in the cold season that was the result of domestic space heating with wood.PM10 levels in December were 12 μg/m3 and were higher than levels detected in July.It was established that such high levels originated from mineral oxides,wood smoke,and inorganic ionic material(s).     

浸没燃烧技术处理高浓度有机废水研究

针对现阶段高浓度有机废水处理困难的问题,提出了一种基于浸没燃烧技术的处理方法,设计制作了1台浸没燃烧装置,并开展了高浓度有机废水浸没燃烧实验研究,探究了过量空气系数、二次风量、燃烧温度等参数对燃烧尾气中CO、NOx排放的影响,以及浸没深度、燃烧温度对高浓度有机废水COD去除的影响。实验结果表明:该工艺对高浓度有机废水中的有机物去除效果明显,温度在900℃以上,浸没深度达到20 cm时,COD去除率可达90%以上。该方法可作为废水处理设备,与生物法等处理技术联用,应用前景广阔。     

煤层露头自燃火灾演化规律数值模拟研究

为解决煤层露头自燃所引起的资源浪费和环境污染,以新疆台勒维丘克煤层露头为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法研究煤层露头在火风压、火风压及外部风压作用下的自燃演化规律,为治理火区和保护环境提供依据。研究表明:火风压作用下,风流最大流动速度0.729 m/s,火风压最大达到170.2 Pa;火风压与外部风压联合作用下,煤层露头动力系统是负压通风系统,在漏风速度为0.2 m/s时,研究5个典型位置的温度、氧浓度、速度及压力的变化规律;并分析孔隙率、漏风速度对煤层露头自燃火灾的影响,说明大孔隙和漏风供氧为火灾大规模发展提供有利条件。研究成果对治理火区及保护生态环境奠定坚实基础。     

防控高温煤岩裂隙的膏体泡沫研制及应用

煤岩裂隙漏风导致的煤自燃火灾严重危害矿井安全生产,在现有防治煤炭自燃材料的基础上,以聚丙烯酰胺（A）、复合表面活性剂（B）、混合粉体（C）为原材料研制了一种防控高温煤岩裂隙的膏体泡沫。采用正交试验法以保水率、发泡倍数、阻化率为指标优选出了最佳的膏体泡沫配方为A4B4C4:A为70 g/L,B为19.5 g/L,C为270 g/L。对膏体泡沫进行了微观形态表征,并从泡孔尺寸大小及分布、液膜颗粒分布、液膜载体吸水等方面对膏体泡沫的保水、吸热和受热稳定机制进行了分析。最后以南方某煤矿复采工作面煤自燃发火为例,分析和判定了302工作面火区分布,采用钻孔压注膏体对火区高温煤岩裂隙进行控制,3d后工作面1-5#钻孔、三石门密闭处CO浓度从520 ppm,465 ppm,523 ppm,305 ppm,289 ppm,750 ppm下降到22 ppm,18 ppm,23 ppm,14 ppm,14 ppm,36 ppm。     

火焰引燃高速列车行李燃烧特性全尺寸试验研究

以CRH1高速列车20 kg旅客行李为研究对象,采用家具量热仪和全尺寸试验研究了不同引火源功率、不同通风量等条件下行李点燃特性、热释放速率、质量损失率、热释放总量、烟气释放速率等火灾参数,总结了其燃烧行为及特性。结果表明:高速列车20 kg旅客行李燃烧特性易受通风量、引火源功率等火场环境影响;引燃时间为1~2 min,持续燃烧时间在27~35 min;热释放速率可达347.3 k W以上,因行李压实较为紧密,燃烧不够充分,产生大量高温未完全燃烧气体,极大程度增加列车车厢回燃性;质量损失率较小,行李燃烧不充分;温升速率快,最高温度可达230℃;产烟量较大,透光率最低为35%;行李热释放总量THR随着引火源功率增加而增大,最高可达到213 MJ,控制引火源功率是减小行李热释放总量THR的关键。     

工作面动态推进下采空区煤自燃分布特征模拟

为了研究动态推进过程中工作面推进距离对采空区煤自燃分布特征的影响,采取及时有效的煤自燃防治措施,以13210综放面为工程背景,基于采空区渗透率分布公式和传热传质控制方程,建立采空区煤自燃数值解算模型。利用COMSOL软件模拟了工作面不同推进距离下以流速和氧体积分数为划分指标的采空区氧化带范围和高温区域的变化规律,分析了高温区域与氧化带的叠加效应。通过现场实测与模拟结果比对,验证了模拟的准确性。研究结果表明:采空区渗透率随着工作面推进距离的增加而不断变化,近工作面端渗透率变化不大,而中深部采空区的渗透率不断减小;采空区氧化带分布随工作面推进距离的增加呈现阶段性变化特征,推进初期氧化带范围不断变化,推进后期氧化带范围趋于稳定;采空区氧化带分布与高温区域重叠深度随工作面推进不断增加,最终稳定于工作面后方60~70 m范围内。