Increase of Ozone Concentration in an Inland Basin During the Period of Nocturnal Thermal High

Since ground level ozone concentrations in the basin on one day before the occurrence of unusually high air temperature with nocturnal thermal high showed a typical urban type of a maximum ozone concentration at 1300 LST and a minimum at night. However, a maximum ozone concentration under extremely high air temperature of 39.2 °C was detected at 1700 LST or 1800 LST at two environmental monitoring sites, which was 4 or 5 hr delayed from the typical occurrence time, 1300 LST. Its maximum value showed about 50 or 70% increase of the concentration more than the typical maximum value and its concentration gradually decreased until 2100 LST. After 1200 LST until 1800 LST, air temperature was maintained over 35 °C and the high temperature made a great contribution to the increase of O₃ for several hours. The deviated occurrence time of a maximum ozone concentration is mainly attributed to meteorological and topographic effects – shifted occurrence time of maximum air temperature, shrunken atmospheric boundary layer depth and wind. While daytime O₃ concentration due to photochemical production of O₃ from NO₂ increased, NO₂ concentration decreased, with their reverse respondent patterns each night. A secondary maximum concentration of O₃ at 2300 LST or 2400 LST is due to a much shallower depth of nocturnal surface inversion layer with daytime producing more O₃ than that of the daytime convective boundary layer, resulting in the increase of ozone concentration, though the reduction of ozone occurred under the reversal process of O₃ into NO₂.     

浅谈大气中可吸入颗粒物的变化规律

对大气中的PM10随季节、时间、及气象条件的变化规律做以总结,呈现“冬重夏轻”的特点,日变化为双峰结构,在北方具有代表性和典型性。     

基于构造应变对隧道初始地应力场的反演分析

岩体中的初始地应力场是岩体稳定性与工程运营必须考虑的重要因素。以东营子隧道工程为例,以隧址区构造应变作为待求解的约束条件,结合工程地质条件和实测地应力资料,运用有限元软件对隧址区地应力场进行了回归反演分析。结果表明:基于区域构造应变获得的隧址区初始应力场克服了边界条件对地应力场的影响,更加准确地反映了隧址区地应力场的分布规律,可为隧道围岩稳定性分析提供准确的位移边界条件。     

基于多源中高分辨率遥感数据提取渤海辽东湾海冰要素信息

海冰厚度是海冰参数中最为重要和最难获取的参数之一,对海洋灾害预警、气候变化等研究均有重要意义。本文选取2018年1月到3月的10景多源(Sentinel-2、Landsat-8、Landsat-7)中高分辨率影像对渤海辽东湾的海冰进行了监测。基于归一化水体指数进行海陆分割,通过分析海水与海冰光谱特征差异,利用最大似然法监督分类提取海冰区域,运用反照率与海冰厚度之间的经验指数模型反演海冰厚度,将反演结果与Zubov模型计算的冰厚结果进行比较,相关系数为0.884,证明了中高分辨率光学遥感数据在海冰厚度反演中的可行性。同时发挥中高分辨率遥感数据的优势,利用冰厚信息提取海冰类型、估算海冰资源量,为渤海海冰的防灾减灾以及海冰资源利用提供参考。     

Automatic and continuous measurement of aerosol properties in Dunhuang, China

Ground-based simultaneous observations of sun direct and scattering radiation were carded out in Dunhuang for nearly 2 years.Aerosol optical depth, Angstrom wavelength exponent and size distribution were obtained from solar extinction and sky radiation. Water vapor content was obtained from sun direct radiation measurement at 940 nm. Relationship between aerosol properties and water vapor was discussed. Results showed that distinct seasonality of aerosol optical depth and Angstrom wavelength exponent was corresponding to seasonal variation of dust activity. Aerosol relative size distribution kept stable and volume concentration change was the reason resulting in variation of aerosol optical depth. Water vapor had minor effects on aerosol optical and physical properties.     

参数完全不确定系统在未知输入下的损伤识别

由于各种因素的影响,实际结构系统与计算模型有着不小的差异。本文针对结构系统参数及基底输入完全未知情况下的损伤识别问题,构造了与质量无关的结构规格化刚度参数和阻尼参数,提出了关于结构规格化参数和层间质量比的非线性最小二乘迭代优化识别方法,并给出了用规格化参数进行识别损伤和地震动反演的公式。算例表明本方法是有效的。     

垃圾渗滤液与城市污水同时处理系统优化运行策略探讨

采用倒置A2/O工艺处理垃圾渗滤液与城市污水的混合污水.模型试验结果表明,水力停留时间是影响混合污水氮和有机物去除的控制因素;水温为23～30℃、泥龄为20 d时,最优运行参数为:水力停留时间9h、DO2 mg/L、外回流比80％、内回流比200％,此时COD、NH3-N和TN去除率分别为76.4％～78.2％、95....     

基于遥感技术的鄱阳湖-长江水体清浊倒置现象的分析

长期以来,在鄱阳湖和长江的交汇处,江水混浊而湖水清澈,然而,近年来江水清澈而湖水混浊。这种鄱阳湖 长江清浊倒置现象引起了广泛的关注,但鲜有研究人员系统分析这种现象的成因。借助中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）和Landsat影像分析这种清浊倒置现象的起始时间和成因。基于MODIS影像反演的鄱阳湖和长江水体透明度显示在2004年以前鄱阳湖北部的水体透明度明显高于长江,而在2005和2006年长江水体透明度高于鄱阳湖北部,出现清浊倒置现象;同期鄱阳湖北部和长江水体透明度对比分析发现这种水体清浊倒置现象受长江水体透明度增加和鄱阳湖水体透明度下降的双重影响,但鄱阳湖北部水体透明度的变化在其中扮演主要角色;由Landsa影像识别的采（运）砂船数量及其与鄱阳湖北部水体透明度关系的分析表明,自2001年开始的鄱阳湖北部的采砂活动引起此区域水体透明度的显著下降.     

城市复杂地表TM温度反演及其与MODIS产品的比较

在利用决策树模型将城市复杂地表分为植被、建筑物、水体、裸土等4类进行地表比辐射率估算和利用MODIS近红外数据反演大气水分含量的基础上,采用Jimenez-Munoz单通道算法进行了城市复杂地表TM温度的反演,并将反演结果与EOS MODIS地表温度产品进行了比较分析.结果表明:(1)基于地表信息分类提取后的地表比辐射率和MODIS反演的大气水汽含量得到的地表温度接近于实际状况;(2)反演结果与EOS MODIS地表温度产品对比发现Landsat TIM的陆表温度均值和标准差高于EOS MODIS的陆表温度产品.     

浙江某水库大坝渗流安全综合分析

对浙江省某水库大坝的测压管观测资料进行了分析,建立了用来预报测点水位并能反映大坝实际渗流性态的统计模型。在此基础上结合观测资料采用有限元方法反演了坝体、坝基各分区的渗透系数,预测未来高水位时大坝的渗流性态,并建立了物理概念明确、预报效果较好的渗压确定性模型。