Prenatal Diagnosis of congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia (CDG-Ia) by cordocentesis and transferrin isoelectric focussing of serum of a 27-week fetus with non-immune hydrops

Blood was obtained by cordocentesis from a fetus with non-immune hydrops demonstrated by ultrasound scanning at 27 weeks' gestation. Abnormalities of serum transferrin isoelectric focussing (IEF) were identified, characteristic of a congenital disorder of glycosylation type I (CDG-Ia). A diagnosis of CDG-Ia was confirmed by enzyme analysis of cultured amniocytes. This is the first report of CDG-Ia diagnosed by serum analysis in a fetus. Previous reports have warned that diagnostic abnormalities do not appear in serum until several weeks after birth. The sensitivity of cordocentesis transferrin IEF is unknown but is less than 100% effective because cases have been diagnosed postnatally after normal prenatal or neonatal studies. Enzyme analysis or mutation analysis is required for diagnosis of congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDGs) regardless of whether a diagnostic transferrin pattern is identified prenatally. The analysis of a small sample of serum, from cordocentesis, performed to check for fetal anemia, simplified the investigation, diagnosis, and genetic counselling of a case of non-immune hydrops detected at 27 weeks' gestation. This might be a useful test for other cases in these circumstances, as fetal blood is usually collected to check for anemia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

影响因素对煤矿百万吨死亡率的回归分析及其应用

本文对煤矿百万吨死亡率关于其影响因素作回归线性假设,以美国1982～1991十年间的煤矿死亡事故数据为例,利用SPSS多元统计软件中的逐步回归分析法,拟合出百万吨死亡率关于所选出的两个显著影响因子的二元线性回归方程,结果表明该方程通过了各项假设检验,可用于百万吨煤死亡率的预测与控制.     

H2O2和NO互作调控SO2诱导的胡杨细胞死亡

二氧化硫(SO_2)是一种常见的大气污染物,目前关于SO_2对木本植物的毒害作用及相关机制并不清楚.本文以木本植物胡杨的愈伤细胞为材料,研究SO_2衍生物对胡杨细胞的致死效应,以及过氧化氢(H_2O_2)与一氧化氮(NO)在SO_2诱导胡杨细胞死亡中的信号调节作用.研究发现:SO_2衍生物处理(1~5 mmol·L-1)可诱发胡杨细胞死亡,且SO_2衍生物浓度越大、处理时间越长,细胞死亡率越高.2 mmol·L-1SO_2衍生物处理胡杨细胞后,胞内H_2O_2和NO水平显著升高,且H_2O_2水平的升高先于NO.一定浓度的外源H_2O_2或NO供体SNP能够提高SO_2胁迫下胡杨细胞的死亡率;而使用H_2O_2清除剂CAT和ASA、NO清除剂c PTIO、NO合成抑制剂钨酸钠后,SO_2诱导的细胞死亡率明显降低.进一步实验发现,外源H_2O_2可以提高SO_2胁迫下胡杨细胞的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,促进胞内NO产生;而利用CAT和ASA清除H_2O_2后,细胞NR活性和NO产生均受到明显抑制.此外,SO_2胁迫下,外源SNP能够抑制抗氧化酶(CAT和APX)活性,增加胡杨细胞内的H_2O_2水平,而一定浓度的c PTIO和钨酸钠均可提高CAT和APX活性,降低胞内H_2O_2水平.结果表明:SO_2胁迫下,胡杨细胞快速产生的H_2O_2能够激活硝酸还原酶活性,促进NO生成,同时NO能够通过抑制抗氧化酶活性而提高H_2O_2水平.H_2O_2与NO互作调控SO_2诱导的胡杨细胞死亡.     

Memento Mori: The development and validation of the Death Reflection Scale

Despite its potential for advancing organizational behavior (OB) research, the topic of death awareness has been vastly understudied. Moreover, research on death awareness has predominantly focused on the anxiety‐provoking aspect of death‐related cognitions, thus overlooking the positive aspect of death awareness, death reflection. This gap is exacerbated by the lack of a valid research instrument to measure death reflection. To address this issue, we offer a systematic conceptualization of death reflection, develop the Death Reflection Scale, and assess its psychometric properties across four studies. Further, using a sample of 268 firefighters, we examine whether death reflection buffers the detrimental impact of mortality cues at work on employee well‐being and safety performance. Results provide strong support for the psychometric properties of the Death Reflection Scale. Further, moderation analysis indicates death reflection weakens the negative effect of mortality cues on firefighters' safety performance. Overall, these findings suggest the newly developed Death Reflection Scale will prove useful in future research on death‐related cognitions.     

卵圆卡盾藻对卤虫的急性毒性效应

研究了卵圆卡盾藻在不同生长阶段和不同密度下对卤虫的急性毒性效应,结果表明:对数生长初期的卵圆卡盾藻藻液的毒性作用最强,卤虫暴露在4.3×104/mL藻液48 h后,死亡率达到80%;对数生长后期卵圆卡盾藻藻液也具有较强的毒性,48 h卤虫死亡率为67%;衰亡期藻液毒性最弱,48 h卤虫死亡率为40%。卵圆卡盾藻的藻液和滤液均对卤虫有致死作用,且前者毒性大于后者。海洋盾藻藻液和滤液的浓度对数与卤虫的死亡机率单位呈线性关系,藻液对卤虫24 h LD50为4.8×104/mL,而滤液对卤虫的24 h LD50为5.6×104/mL。卤虫在卵圆卡盾藻藻液中的暴露时间(48 h内)与死亡机率呈线性相关关系,在藻密度为5.1×104/mL时,卵圆卡盾藻藻液对卤虫的半致死时间(LT50)为38.6 h。     

基于灰色理论的特种设备安全事故预测研究

应用灰色理论,借助于EXCEL及MATLAB软件工具,并以我国近年实际数据为基础,对我国“十二五”期间特种设备安全事故的绝对死亡人数和万台设备死亡人数进行了预测.结果表明,基于灰色理论的特种设备事故的死亡人数和万台设备死亡人数的模拟值和真实值较吻合,预测模型精度检验为好；预测指标可为特种设备安全政策制订和科学监管决策提供依据及参考.     

浮游植物细胞程序化死亡研究进展

过去,动物摄食和沉降被认为是浮游植物死亡的原因。后来人们发现病毒感染以及逆境条件下的主动死亡(或程序化死亡),也是引起浮游植物死亡的重要原因。文章介绍了浮游植物存在细胞程序化死亡的实验证据和半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异蛋白酶(caspase)在浮游植物细胞程序化死亡中可能起的作用及浮游植物基因组中的caspase直系同源物。程序化死亡是细胞自主死亡的过程,具有坏死的形态和生物化学过程。浮游植物具有一套后生动物caspase的直系同源物蛋白。作者构建了东海原甲藻cDNA文库,其中有两组EST分别与两个细胞程序化死亡的关键蛋白同源,它们分别是半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异蛋白酶和分裂细胞核抗体。因此作者推断东海原甲藻可能存在细胞程序化死亡过程。尽管已从细胞生物学特征角度,获得了真核微藻程序化死亡的证据,并从基因组序列中预测出和大规模表达序列标签中鉴定出细胞程序化死亡相关蛋白的编码基因,但离全面认识单细胞真核浮游藻程序化死亡的分子机制以及其生态学意义相差甚远。     

Follow-up of pregnancies complicated by placental mosaicism diagnosed by chorionic villus sampling

Thirty-nine (2.3 per cent) of 1724 chromosome studies from diagnostic chorionic villus samplings (CVS) done between 1983 and 1990 showed either level III (true) mosaicism (1.2 per cent) or level II (pseudo-) mosaicism (1.1 per cent) for chromosomal aneuploidy. Follow-up information on these 39 pregnancies was collected from questionnaires to families, paediatricians, and obstetricians. For all cases in which the pregnancy was continued and further testing was accomplished, the mosaicism was felt to be confined to the placenta. As compared with a control group of pregnancies evaluated by CVS with normal karyotypes, there was no increased incidence of pregnancy loss, congenital malformations, or developmental delay in the infants. Although intrauterine growth retardation occurred in several of the level III mosaic cases, adequate catch-up growth has been demonstrated.