吸附-电催化氧化降解气态氯苯

采用高接触面积微孔曝气的方式,以吸附性多孔导电材料活性炭纤维（ACF）为电极,吸附电催化氧化两步联动降解气态氯苯,实现了在电解质水溶液中对高浓度非水溶性气态挥发性有机废气的有效处理。正交实验和单因素分析实验结合,确立最佳实验条件并着重考虑pH值、鼓气速率、电解电压、电解质浓度等因素对去除率的影响。在最佳实验条件下,气相中氯苯去除率达到74.3%（20℃）和72.9%（10℃）     

两性高分子污泥脱水剂P(AM-DAC-AMPS)的表征与应用

采用三元自由基水溶液聚合法,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为原料,经过复合引发制备了两性高分子脱水剂P(AM-DAC-AMPS),简称为PADA).采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)对结构进行了表征,结果证明聚合物为三元共聚物,并具有良好的直链结构.经过PA-DA、CPAM调理后的污泥最佳比阻(r)分别为1.58×109s2/g和1.8×109s2/g,离心后含水率分别为77.4％和78.1％;污泥沉降速度分别为0.3 mL/min和0.25 mL/min;污泥滤液中,多糖去除率分别为70.3％和40.7％,蛋白质去除率分别为31.5％和17.5％;表明PADA比CPAM具有更好的脱水性能.并且通过SEM观察,发现PADA的调理增强了污泥絮体的密实性.     

铈离子光催化降解茜素绿的性能和机理简

主要研究了简单铈离子（Ce³⁺）在紫外光（UV）的作用下对蒽醌染料茜素绿（AG）的光催化降解效果和反应机理。结果表明,UV/Ce³⁺体系能够有效降解AG,初始反应速率随AG浓度的倒数值和Ce³⁺浓度的增加而线性增加,随初始溶液pH的增加先降低后增加,在酸性条件下有很高的TOC去除率。荧光探针实验表明,反应过程中可以产生·OH自由基。UV/Ce³⁺体系对其他类型染料和对硝基苯酚都有较好的降解效果。     

直流电晕自由基簇射处理PCB热解废气的动力学模拟

对直流电晕自由基簇射处理PCB热解废气进行详细的模拟研究。在推导计算直流电晕簇射一次自由基产率和构建完整化学动力学机理体系的基础上,采用Chemkin软件栓塞流反应模型对不同条件下的热解废气降解过程进行详细的动力学模拟,并获得重要的数据参考。结果表明,输入气体温度为298～323K和电极气湿度接近0．06mg／mL是相对较好的降解条件。在此条件下,处理FR4型PCB热解气（降解率达85％以上）所需消耗的能量仅为1．044（kW·h）／kg。     

柳树乙醇提取物体外抗氧化活性

通过Fenton反应产生.OH,邻苯三酚自氧化产生O2.-模型,研究了柳树乙醇提取物体外清除自由基的作用。结果显示,柳茎和柳叶乙醇提取物在3.125—50 mg/ml浓度范围内具有清除O2.-的作用。随着浓度升高,其清除作用增大。在浓度达到50mg/ml时,柳茎提取物的清除率为75.62%,柳叶提取物的清除率为88.53%;柳茎乙醇提取物在3.125—25 mg/ml浓度范围内,清除.OH的能力随着其浓度的增加而逐渐增强。当浓度为25mg/ml时,其清除率为60.63%;柳叶提取物在浓度3.125—25mg/ml内清除.OH的作用不明显。当浓度达到50mg/ml时,对羟基自由基的清除率为60.63%。     

Comparison of Diuron degradation by direct UV photolysis and advanced oxidation processes

The rates of Diuron elimination by some advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as Fe(III)/UV, Ferrioxalate/UV, Fe(III)/H(2)O(2)/UV, Ferrioxalate/UV/H(2)O(2) and Fe(III)/H(2)O(2) have been compared. Experiments have been conducted at pH=2.3+/-0.1 with a batch reactor equipped with a low-pressure mercury lamp emitting mainly at 253.7nm. Data obtained under the following experimental conditions ([H(2)O(2)](0)=10(-3)M, [Diuron](0)=5x10(-5)M and [Fe(III)](0)=10(-3)M) have shown that rates of Diuron oxidation were higher with the systems Fe(III)/H(2)O(2)/UV and Ferrioxalate/UV/H(2)O(2) than with Fe(III)/UV and Fe(III)/H(2)O(2). On the other hand, Fe(III)/UV was found to be very efficient in mineralization of Diuron solution in comparison to direct UV photolysis. The experimental results showed that radical ()OH is the major pathway in the process of Diuron degradation.     

Photodegradation of perfluorooctanoic acid by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet light

The photodegradation of persistent and bioaccumulative perftuorooctanoic acid （PFOA） in water by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） light was examined to develop an effective technology to deal with PFOA pollution. PFOA degraded very slowly under irradiation of 254 nm UV light. However, 61.7% of initial PFOA was degraded by 185 nm VUV light within 2 h, and defluorination ratio reached 17.1%. Pseudo first-order-kinetics well simulated its degradation and defluorination. Besides, fluoride ion formed in water, 4 shorter-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids （PFCAs）, that is, perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluoropentanoic acid, and perfluorobutanoic acid. These were identified as intermediates by LC-MS measurement. These PFCAs consecutively formed and further degraded with irradiation time. According to the mass balance calculation, no other byproducts were formed. It was proposed that PFCAs initially are decarboxylated by 185 nm light, and the radical thus formed reacts with water to form shorter-chain PFCA with one less CF2 unit.     

O3/H2O2氧化苯乙烯气体性能及机制

O3/H2O2体系能产生大量自由基,臭氧与自由基的耦合氧化作用能提高苯乙烯的氧化去除效率.采用O3/H2O2氧化高浓度苯乙烯有机废气,研究了臭氧投加量、停留时间、H2O2体积分数、循环液喷淋密度和O3/C8H8摩尔比对苯乙烯去除率的影响.结果表明,O3/H2O2气液两相氧化能高效净化苯乙烯有机废气,苯乙烯去除率可达85.7%.适宜运行条件:停留时间为20.6 s,H2O2体积分数为10%,喷淋密度为1.72 m3·(m2·h)-1,O3/C8H8摩尔比为0.46.采用GC-MS分析O3/H2O2气液两相高级氧化苯乙烯出口气样,研究结果表明苯甲醛(C6H5CHO)和苯甲酸(C6H5COOH)为O3/H2O2氧化苯乙烯的中间产物,并推测出苯乙烯的降解机制.     

相对速率法测OH自由基与几种低碳醇的反应速率常数

在 2 99± 2K温度下 ,以甲醇为参照物 ,采用相对速率方法得到了几种醇与OH自由基在气相中的反应速率常数 ,这些速率常数分别为 (单位为 :10 5m3·mol-1·s-1) :乙醇k1=17 6 ,正丙醇k2 =35 2 ,2 丙醇k3=31 2 ,正丁醇k4 =48 2 ,2 甲基—1 丙醇k5=6 2 0 ,2 甲基— 2 丙醇k6=5 36 ,正戊醇k7=5 1 4,3 甲基— 1 丁醇k8=6 8 6 .其中 2 甲基— 1 丙醇的速率常数在本文中是首次报道 .根据各自的反应速率常数计算得到它们在大气中的平均寿命分别为 :τ1=95 1h ,τ2 =47 5h ,τ3=5 3 6h ,τ4 =34 7h ,τ5=2 7 0h ,τ6=312h ,τ7=32 6h ,τ8=2 4 4h .