Evaluation of the antimutagenic and antiradical potentials of extracts from the tubers of (Tunisian) Cyperus rotundus

The mutagenic potential of aqueous, total oligomers flavonoids (TOF), ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from tubers of Cyperus rotundus L. was assessed using Ames Salmonella tester strains TA98 and TA100, and SOS chromotest strain Escherichia coli PQ37 with and without metabolic activation (S9). None of the different extracts produced a mutagenic effect. Likewise, the antimutagenicity of the same extracts was tested using the “Ames test” and the “SOS chromotest”. Our results showed that C. rotundus extracts possess antimutagenic effects against S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains towards the mutagen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), similar to E. coli PQ37 strain against AFB1 and Nifuroxazide mutagens using the SOS chromotest assay. A free radical scavenging test was used in order to explore the antioxidant capacity of the extracts obtained from the tubers of C. rotundus. TOF, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) free radical. These extracts showed an IC50 value of respectively 5, 20 and 65?µg?mL^?1. The beneficial effects of TOF, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. rotundus were assessed by antioxidant and antimutagenic activities.     

Production of an antimicrobial cytochalasan by an endophytic Chaetomium globosum HYML55 from Hypericum mysorense and its RNA secondary structure analysis

The mutualistic benefits and disadvantages of non-clavicipitaceous endophytes for their hosts are not well studied and are postulated as being distinct from free-living or pathogenic counterparts. The defensive metabolites and antioxidants produced by endophytes are postulated to be the benefits offered for the hosts. Therefore, the antimicrobial and free-radical-scavenging activities of a foliar endophyte Chaetomium globosum HYML55 isolated from Hypericum mysorense of Western Ghats, India were studied. RNA secondary structure analysis refuted the unique biotope postulation because strain HYML55 was more similar to a coprophilous strain than to endophytic strains. Ethyl acetate extract of the fungus inhibited bacteria and fungi. The extract also quenched 98.65% 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl radicals with total antioxidant capacity of 13.62 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g. A yellow amorphous antimicrobial compound purified from the extract was identified as chaetoglobosin F, which had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 7.8–15.6 μg/mL, except against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is the first report on the antimicrobial activity of chaetoglobosin F and other bioactivities of any endophytes from H. mysorense. The study emphasises the inter-habitat cycling of endophytes and possible benefits of C. globosum for the host. Chaetoglobosin F is an anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic compound, and C. globosum HYML55 could be exploited for the industrial production of this compound.     

低功率微波(2450MHZ)辐射对离体人红细胞膜的损伤效应

本文采用２４５０ＭＨｚ低功率微波辐射离体人红细胞,从分子水平研究微波对红细胞膜的影响。选择功率密度为０ｍＷ／ｃｍ２,５ｍＷ／ｃｍ２,１０ｍＷ／ｃｍ２,辐射时间为３０ｍｉｎ,结果显示,１０ｍＷ／ｃｍ２的微波对离体人红细胞有较为明显的损失。表现为红细胞的渗透脆性升高,膜脂流动性下降,膜丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量明显升高,但红细胞溶血度未增加,红细胞膜ＳＯＤ、红细胞膜ＡｃｈＥ活性和膜蛋白组份的百分含量也未见明显变化     

天然水体中亚硝酸根和硝酸根的光化学研究进展

综述了近年来亚硝酸根和硝酸根 (NO-2 /NO-3 )在天然水体中的环境光化学研究进展。重点介绍了NO-2 /NO-3 光解生成活性氧 (如羟基 )的机理及其影响因素 ,探讨了NO-2 /NO-3 光解引发天然水体中有机物反应的环境意义 ,并据此提出了本领域今后的研究方向     

类芬顿反应对长期施肥土壤中有机碳的影响

以吉林公主岭、江西进贤、湖南祁阳、辽宁沈阳农大等多地长期定位试验站的土壤为研究对象,结合原位微宇宙试验培养的土壤,探索类芬顿反应对长期施肥土壤中有机碳的影响.结果表明,长期施用化肥的土壤中自由基含量均显著低于长期施用有机肥的土壤.通过纳米粒子探针(NanoSIMS)发现,施用化肥的土壤中56Fe16O-的离子强度强于施...     

超声-Fe2+-K2S2O8/NaHSO3体系降解罗丹明B

采用超声促进、Fe²⁺活化的K₂S₂O₈/NaHSO₃联合体系（US-Fe²⁺-K₂S₂O₈/NaHSO₃体系）降解罗丹明B（RhB）。考察了RhB模拟废水脱色效果的影响因素,并研究了不同处理方法的协同效应,推测了反应机理。实验结果表明：在反应温度25 ℃、初始pH 5.18、超声功率250 W、K₂S₂O₈溶液（4.91 mmol/L）加入量1.2 mL、NaHSO₃溶液（4.91 mmol/L）加入量1.2 mL、n（K₂S₂O₈）∶n（Fe²⁺）=10、反应时间7 min的条件下,RhB模拟废水（50 mL）的脱色率达到89.45%;超声与Fe²⁺-K₂S₂O₈/NaHSO₃体系对RhB的降解产生了协同效应,降解反应符合表观一级反应动力学,速率常数增强因子可达13.6。自由基猝灭实验结果表明,硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基是攻击RhB 分子的活性自由基,硫酸根自由基起主要作用。     

SBR-BAF组合工艺好氧反硝化脱氮

采用一套由SBR反应器和一个内部填充多孔蜂窝陶瓷填料的生物滤池(BAF)构成的组合系统,研究了不同碳氮比,不同入口硝酸根浓度和CODCr及低温时溶解氧对于该系统反硝化效果的影响。结果表明,系统在有溶解氧时仍有较好的反硝化效果和COD去除率,在15℃低温下,通入2·0mg/L的溶解氧也可使系统具有良好的反硝化效果。     

Determination of hydroxyl radicals in TiO2/Ti photoelectrocatalytic oxidation system using Fe(phen)3 2+ spectrophotometry

A new method of determining the cumulate concentration of hydroxyl radicals in the TiO2/Ti photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)oxidation system was established by o-phenanthroline-Fe(Ⅱ)(Fe(phen)32+) spectrophotometry and using anion exchange membrane. Fe concentration of hydroxyl radicals can be calculated through determining the change of the Fe(phen)33+ absorbency at 509 nm. In addition, the research results showed the production rate of hydroxyl radicals was affected obviously by pH of solution, the cumulate concentration of hydroxyl radicals was the largest at nearby the initial pH 6.3 (isoelectric point), and the change direction of pH after illumination tended to nearby isoelectric point.     

甲醇蒸汽在CaO颗粒脱硫反应中的作用机理实验研究

通过在模拟烟气中添加微量的甲醇蒸汽产生自由基从而发生链式反应的方法提高循环流化床干法脱硫反应速率。该实验结果和理论分析表明 :甲醇蒸汽在 90 0℃以下不可能通过热均裂产生自由基 ,而甲醇蒸汽的不完全燃烧过程可以产生自由基 ,引发快速的链式脱硫反应 ,脱硫反应的合理温度为 80 0℃     

碳纤维电极上降解有机染料的研究

以碳纤维电极为工作电极,CoSO4为催化剂,利用电生羟基自由基对中性红、罗丹明B、碱性品红等三种有机染料进行降解．研究电解电位、pH值、温度等因素对染料降解脱色的影响．在优化条件下,脱色率大于95％,COD去除率达90％以上．