Reaction mechanism of 3-chlorophenol with OH, H in aqueous solution

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｅｎｏｌｓａｒｅｒａｎｋｅｄｈｉｇｈａｍｏｎｇｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｈｉｇｈｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙ ,ｓｔｒｏｎｇｓｔｅｎｃｈ ,ａｎｄｈｉｇｈｓｏｌｕｂｉｌｉｔｙｉｎｗａｔｅｒ.Ａｓｆａｒａｓｍｏｎｏ ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｅｎｏｌｓａｒｅｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄ ,ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｈｒｅｅｉｓｏｍｅｒｓ:ｏｒｔｈｏ ,ｐａｒａ ａｎｄｍｅｔａ .Ｉｔｗａｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｓｏｍｅｒｓｈａｖｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏｘｉ…     

Highly efficient photodegradation of the pesticide metolcarb induced by Fe complexes

Here we show the efficient photoinduced degradation of the pesticide metolcarb, in less than 400 min, using iron(III) aquacomplexes and 365 nm light. The degradation is mainly due to the formation of hydroxyl radical. It was complete when molecular oxygen was present. The analytical study gives evidence for the primary formation of several byproducts formed from 1) the scission of the O–C bond, 2) the hydroxylation of the aromatic moiety and 3) the attack of the two methyl groups. Under prolonged irradiation and in aerated solutions, efficient mineralization was evidenced by the study of total organic carbon evolution as a function of irradiation time.     

一个液相化学反应机理的建立和应用

利用比较积分反应速率的方法,建立了一个简化液相化学反应机理ARCML,并在各种大气状况下以及各种物理参数下对ARCML作了验证.然后利用ARCML模拟光化学烟雾形成初期的云水酸化过程,结果表明,自由基氧化s(Ⅳ)在污染或高NO_x的大气中非常重要.     

Atmospheric oxidizing capacity in autumn Beijing: Analysis of the O3 and PM2.5 episodes based on observation-based model

Atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) is the fundamental driving factors of chemistry process (e.g., the formation of ozone (O₃) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA)) in the troposphere. However, accurate quantification of AOC still remains uncertainty. In this study, a comprehensive field campaign was conducted during autumn 2019 in downtown of Beijing, where O₃ and PM_2.5 episodes had been experienced successively. The observation-based model (OBM) is used to quantify the AOC at O₃ and PM_2.5 episodes. The strong intensity of AOC is found at O₃ and PM_2.5 episodes, and hydroxyl radical (OH) is the dominating daytime oxidant for both episodes. The photolysis of O₃ is main source of OH at O₃ episode; the photolysis of nitrous acid (HONO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) plays important role in OH formation at PM_2.5 episode. The radicals loss routines vary according to precursor pollutants, resulting in different types of air pollution. O₃ budgets and sensitivity analysis indicates that O₃ production is transition regime (both VOC and NO_x-limited) at O₃ episode. The heterogeneous reaction of hydroperoxy radicals (HO₂) on aerosol surfaces has significant influence on OH and O₃ production rates. The HO₂ uptake coefficient (γHO₂) is the determining factor and required accurate measurement in real atmospheric environment. Our findings could provide the important bases for coordinated control of PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution.     

Sister chromatid exchange and DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by air-dust in Lanzhou City: involvement in free radicals

The air-dust samples collected from petro-chemical industrial region in the suburb of Lanzhou and from a certain rural region 64 km away from the city were extracted, with a mixed solvent (benzene: hexane: isopropanol=7:2:1) for 8 hours. A strong free radical signal at g= 2.00 of air-dust itself and a hyperfine splitting EPR signal of extract from air-dust have been detected. The sister chromatid exchange frequency (SCE) was increased by extracts of both dusts from the industrial region and from the rural region. If a chemical is able to increase SCE up to twice as high as the control, this chemical is considered to be mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. The double SCE frequency concentration is 23 μg/ml for the dust extract obtained from the industrial region and 47μg/ml for that from the rural region. Extracts were able to damage to DNA template. Results indicated that the mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity of the extracts obtained from the petro-chemical industrial region were stronger than that of the     

La-Cu-O/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CO和CH4氧化活性及氧性质研究

用长光路ＦＴＩＲ技术研究氟里昂替代物ＨＦＣ１５２ａ（ＣＨ３ＣＨＦ２）和ＨＣＦＣ２２（ＣＨＣｌＦ２）与ＯＨ自由基的大气光化学反应，研究了反应产物和反应机理，并对它们的环境影响和工业应用前景进行了评价．ＨＣＦＣ２２只能作为过渡性的替代物使用，而ＨＦＣ１５２ａ可以发展成为非常有价值的永久性替代物．     

羟基对海水水质影响的研究

低浓度羟基溶液能100％致死浮游动植物、细菌、弧菌、孢子，同时又大幅度改善了压载水水质。在每小时处理2t压载水的模拟试验中取得如下改善水质数据：对生物有害的亚硝酸盐、氨盐的下降率高达98．35％、99．5％；浊度下降50％，水的透明度有明显的改善；C0T从0．54mg／L减少到未检出；由于羟基对细胞残骸的氧化分解，使TOC含量上升了1倍；Cu、Pb、Fe下降幅度分别达到38．1％、70．8％、40．3％，对生物无害的Zn增加近2倍，这是因Zn是许多酶和蛋白质分子的活性中心原子，羟基分解细胞后，溢出溶入水中所致。保证了排放地域水生生物的安全。     

多氯联苯对离体人红细胞的毒性机理

本实验研究了多氯联苯(PCB_s)对人离体红细胞自由基生成和脂质过氧化作用的影响。红细胞悬液在含有不同剂量Aroclorl254的培养液中37℃温育一定时间,然后测定超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量。测定结果表明,红细胞脂质过氧化作用与PCB_s存在着剂量——效应及时间——效应关系,Aroclorl254可以直接诱导离体人红细胞的脂质过氧化作用。其中O_2~-、MDA、GSH 3项指标均有良好的剂量——效应及时间——效应关系,SOD活力在温育后迅速增加,之后基本稳定,9h后活力出现下降。     

测定NO~－_3的蔬菜鲜样保存条件

试验表明；组织未受损伤的新鲜蔬菜样品在２０～３０℃与４℃下可分别保存３天与７天其ＮＯ＿３含量基本不变；捣碎的样品在４℃可保存４～６ｈ；经１００℃烘煮后，又在４℃处理可保存一夜；样品干燥后在干燥器中存放２０天内含量不变，但受潮后极易变化。     

电子束脱除烟道气中硫和氮过程的计算机模拟

电子束干法脱硫脱硝的技术可以同时去除烟道气中的NOx与SO2。根据该处理方法建立脱除NOx和SO2的化学反应机理，并使用计算机模拟的方法，考察体系温度、辐照剂量和氨浓度与去除效率的关系。