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461.
462.
水环境中的病毒对常见的消毒技术有较强的抵抗力.为了开发水中病毒的高效灭活技术,以噬菌体MS2为对象,研究紫外活化过硫酸钠(UV/PS)体系灭活病毒的特性和机制.采用双层平板法对噬菌体MS2进行定量检测,研究UV/PS对水样中噬菌体MS2的灭活率和动力学特征,并考察PS用量、pH值和噬菌体初始浓度等因素对灭活效果的影响.利用透射扫描电镜观察UV/PS处理前后噬菌体的形貌,利用电子顺磁共振波谱法确认反应体系中存在的自由基种类.在自由基淬灭实验的基础上,分析计算UV/PS体系中各因素对噬菌体灭活的贡献率.结果表明,当紫外辐照强度为160 μW·cm-2时,UV/PS处理4 min即可去除4.39 lg的噬菌体MS2,较单独使用同样辐照剂量的UV消毒灭活率高1.44 lg.UV/PS体系对噬菌体MS2的灭活动力学过程符合一级反应动力学模型.增加体系中的PS初始浓度能明显提高对噬菌体的灭活率和灭活速率,而pH和噬菌体初始浓度对UV/PS灭活噬菌体的影响较小.UV/PS处理可导致噬菌体的衣壳破损,促进了噬菌体颗粒团聚.UV/PS体系中存在SO4-·和·OH,是噬菌体MS2灭活的重要因素.·OH比SO4-·对噬菌体MS2灭活的贡献更大. 相似文献
463.
Many of the products of the reaction of naphthalene (Naph) with the OH radical in a reaction chamber were identified. Previously unidentified products included 1,2-naphthoquinone (NQ), oxygenated indenes and benzopyrones. Possible pathways for the formation of 1,2-NQ and 1,4-NQ are proposed. In the chamber reactions, more 1,2-NQ than 1,4-NQ partitioned to the particle phase. From this result we infer that, in the atmosphere, the percentage of 1,2-NQ in the particle phase should be greater than that for the 1,4-NQ. Because both of these compounds are considered to be toxic, and since they appear in both the gas and particle phases in the reaction chamber, and by implication in the atmosphere, it is considered important that both the gas and particle phases of these two compounds should be measured to assess their impact on human health. 相似文献
464.
采用蒽醌-2-磺酸钠有机体系光引发自由基降解废水中的染料。分析了蒽醌-2-磺酸钠有机体系光引发自由基降解的机理,考察了曝气、光照强度和初始染料质量浓度等因素对降解效果的影响。实验结果表明:曝气有利于蒽醌-2-磺酸钠有机体系光引发自由基降解染料;在光照强度1 000 W、初始染料质量浓度50 mg/L的条件下,反应60 min后酸性蓝80溶液的脱色率可达100%;在酸性红249、酸性黄42、酸性蓝80、活性艳红KD-8B、活性黄K-6G和活性翠蓝K-NG 6种商用酸性和活性染料中,蒽醌-2-磺酸钠有机体系对活性黄K-6G和活性艳红KD-8B的脱色率最高,对酸性蓝80和活性翠蓝K-NG的脱色率最低。 相似文献
465.
Fe2+/Na2S2O8(persulfate,PS)体系中存在Fe2+易发生沉淀且Fe3+无法还原的问题,以典型的持久性有机污染物双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)为研究对象,分别考察络合剂酒石酸(tartaric acid,TA)和还原剂盐酸羟胺(hydroxylamine,HA)强化Fe2+/PS体系对双酚A降解过程的影响。在Fe2+/TA/PS体系、Fe2+/HA /PS体系及Fe2+/TA/HA/PS体系中分别考察了盐酸羟胺投加量、酒石酸投加量、体系pH作用范围等因素的影响,同时对氧化作用机理加以分析。研究表明:酒石酸和盐酸羟胺均能提高双酚A在Fe2+/PS体系中的去除率,且均具有最优值;络合剂酒石酸起到长期促进作用,而还原剂盐酸羟胺起到短期促进作用。探针实验表明络合剂和还原剂共同强化的体系中·OH和SO4·-仍然是主要的氧化物种。当PS投加量均为2.64 mmol·L-1时,30 min内Fe2+/TA/HA/PS体系中SO4·-的生成量为11.3 μmol·L-1,而Fe2+/PS体系中SO4·-的生成量为1.4 μmol·L-1,表明体系通过加速了自由基生成速率从而加快了双酚A的降解。研究结果表明Fe2+/TA/HA/PS体系在中性条件下实现了对双酚A的强化降解,显著优于Fe2+/PS体系。 相似文献
466.
ZHAN Manjun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(3)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment. ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants, therefore resulting in the changing of their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water system. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, exits widely in natural water. The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS (·OH, 1O2, HO2·/O2·-) which were produced on the excitation of ubiquitous constituents (such as nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes) in natural water under simulated solar radiation was investigated. Both molecular probe method and electron spin resonance (ESR) test were used for the determine the characterization of generated ROS. It was found that ·OH was photochemically produced with the presence of nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes and 1O2 was produced with the presence of humic substances. The steady-state concentrations of ·OH was 1.27×10-14 mol/L in nitrate ion, and the second-order rate constant of BPA with ·OH was 1.01×1010L/( mol·s). 相似文献
467.
468.
Mechanism for the destruction of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform DNAPLs by modified Fenton's reagent 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The destruction of a carbon tetrachloride DNAPL and a chloroform DNAPL was investigated in reactions containing 0.5 mL of DNAPL and a solution of modified Fenton's reagent (2M H2O2 and 5mM iron(III)-chelate). Carbon tetrachloride and chloroform masses were followed in the DNAPLs, the aqueous phases, and the off gasses. In addition, the rate of DNAPL destruction was compared to the rate of gas-purge dissolution. Carbon tetrachloride DNAPLs were rapidly destroyed by modified Fenton's reagent at 6.5 times the rate of gas purge dissolution, with 74% of the DNAPL destroyed within 24h. Use of reactions in which a single reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radical, hydroperoxide anion, or superoxide radical anion) was generated showed that superoxide is the reactive species in modified Fenton's reagent responsible for carbon tetrachloride DNAPL destruction. Chloroform DNAPLs were also destroyed by modified Fenton's reagent, but at a rate slower than the rate of gas purge dissolution. Reactions generating a single reactive oxygen species demonstrated that chloroform destruction was the result of both superoxide and hydroxyl radical activity. Such a mechanism of chloroform DNAPL destruction is in agreement with the slow but relatively equal reactivity of chloroform with both superoxide and hydroxyl radical. The results of this research demonstrate that modified Fenton's reagent can rapidly and effectively destroy DNAPLs of contaminants characterized by minimal reactivity with hydroxyl radical, and should receive more consideration as a DNAPL cleanup technology. 相似文献
469.
Shuai Wang Tong Li Chen Chen Baicang Liu John C. Crittenden 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(2):3
470.
Yaobin Lu Songli He Dantong Wang Siyuan Luo Aiping Liu Haiping Luo Guangli Liu Renduo Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(5):9