乌鲁木齐市大气TSP中28种元素的测定与变化规律的研究

报道了乌鲁木齐市一年的内大气ＴＳＰ中２８种元素含量的监测结果，污染程度及变化规律，为进一步加强环境管理和大气污染治理，改善环境质量提供科学依据。     

Adsorption of Mn2+ from aqueous solution using Fe and Mn oxide-coated sand

The adsorption of Mn²⁺ onto immobilized Mn-oxide and Fe-oxide adsorbent such as manganese oxide-coated sand1 (MOCS1), manganese oxide-coated sand2 (MOCS2), iron oxide-coated sand2 (IOCS2), and manganese and iron oxide-coated sand (MIOCS) was investigated. The effects of pH (5.5 to 8.0) and temperature (25 to 45℃) on the equilibrium capacity were examined. Equilibrium studies showed that there is a good fit with both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm, which indicates surface heterogeneity and monolayer adsorption of the adsorbents. Kinetic data showed high correlation with the pseudo second-order model, which signifies a chemisorption-controlled mechanism. The activation energies, activation parameters (ΔG^*, ΔH^*, ΔS^*), and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰, ΔS⁰) confirmed that adsorption with MIOCS was endothermic and more spontaneous at higher temperature while an opposite trend was observed for the other adsorbents. Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption involved formation of activated complex, where MOCS1 and MIOCS follow a physical-chemical mechanism, while MOCS2 and IOCS2 follows purely chemical mechanism.     

加热与零价铁活化S2O8^2-氧化降解偶氮染料AO7的研究

以偶氮染料酸性橙AO7为目标污染物,研究了单独的热活化及零价铁（ZVI）活化S2O28-（PS）降解AO7过程温度、PS浓度及ZVI投加量对AO7降解率的影响,并将2种活化方式进行了对比,最终将其联合以期获得最好的降解效果.结果表明,热活化体系对AO7的降解符合一级动力学,其反应速率随温度（室温～90℃）升高而增加,随...     

高比表面生物质炭的制备、表征及吸附性能

以废弃生物质互花米草与棉秆为原料,采用KOH活化制备了高比表面积微孔生物质活性炭.研究了原料类别、浸渍比、炭化温度及保温时间对炭组成与吸附性能的影响,利用氮气吸附、X-射线衍射、红外光谱FT-IR、扫描电子显微镜SEM等技术对活性炭表面物化性质进行了分析,并通过BET方程、DFT密度函数理论及Horvath-Kawazoe方程对比表面积与孔分布进行了表征测定.结果表明,氢氧化钾活化制备互花米草与棉秆活性炭的适宜条件为浸渍比3:1、活化温度800℃、活化时间1.5 h.在此条件下制得的互花米草活性炭与棉秆活性炭的得率为16.36%和11.22%,BET比表面积高达2 825 m2.g-1和2 135 m2·g-1,孔容积分别为1.374 mg·g-1和1.038 cm3·g-1;孔径分布狭窄,95%的孔集中在3 nm以内.该条件下制备的互花米草与棉秆活性炭吸附性能好,对碘的吸附值分别为1 797 mg·g-1和1 251 mg·g-1,亚甲基蓝吸附值为495 mg·g-1和478mg·g-1,均超过了国家水处理用活性炭一级品标准;2种生物质炭样品对水中2,4-二硝基苯酚的Langmuir最大吸附量分别为932 mg.g-1、747 mg·g-1,均优于普通活性炭与活性炭纤维.     

中子活化分析环境样品干扰元素的分离

环境样品使用中子活化法分析,在γ多道测量过程中,常有干扰发生。若将铜载体加入松叶分解液中,可与CH_3CSNH_2反应形成硫化物沉淀,在共沉淀过程中可去除干扰元素。在不同的pH条件下,松叶中各种被测元素的回收率不同。使用放射性核素示踪方法测量,当pH增大时,Ag、Cd和Cu的回收率随之增大,而Sb和As的回收率将减小,Hg的回收率变化不大。     

温度对厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合脱氮除碳的影响

采用ASBR反应器,研究了温度对厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合反应的短期影响.试验结果表明:耦合反应的活化能要小于单纯厌氧氨氧化反应的活化能,厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合反应可在一定程度上缓解低温对单纯厌氧氨氧化反应造成的消极影响,温度降低对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响大于对反硝化反应的影响.温度与耦合反应最大比反应速率的关系符合Arrhenius方程,在25~35℃时,耦合反应活化能为49.56kJ/mol,小于厌氧氨氧化反应的活化能66.18kJ/mol,且厌氧氨氧化反应为主导反应,对脱氮的贡献率约为61.29%.9~25℃时耦合反应的活化能为74.91kJ/mol,小于此温度梯度下厌氧氨氧化的活化能106.40kJ/mol,反硝化反应对脱氮的贡献率随温度的降低逐渐升高,9℃时,反硝化反应成为主导反应,对脱氮的贡献率约为75.10%.温度低于25℃时,反应器的容积氮去除速率(NRR)会受温度的影响.     

木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆生产普钙的研究

利用木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆,降低矿浆流动起点水分,既简化普钙生产流程,降低普钙生产成本,又能消除造纸黑液污染。试验结果表明：木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆最佳黑液投入量为0.027mL/g矿粉,当矿浆含水率控制在26％～28％之间时,矿浆粘度可降至0.70Pa·s以下,所生产的鲜钙能满足质量要求。为造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆生产普钙提供了理论和技术依据     

烧结活化-酸浸法浸出粉煤灰中铝元素

为实现粉煤灰的高效资源化,并控制资源化过程中的能耗,采用NaOH为烧结助剂,利用烧结活化-酸浸法浸出粉煤灰中的铝元素;在探究最佳工艺条件的同时,通过分析烧结产物矿物组成及官能团的变化来探究粉煤灰烧结活化的机理。结果表明,当烧结温度为550 °C、NaOH/CFA 质量比=1.40、硫酸浓度为30%、烧结时间为10 min的条件下,铝元素浸出率可达95.00%以上。在粉煤灰烧结活化过程中,莫来石及非晶态硅铝化合物与NaOH反应,其中的铝氧八面体结构转变为铝氧四面体结构,铝氧四面体与硅氧四面体结构相结合形成以四元环和六元环为基本结构的铝硅酸盐,即八面沸石和霞石。在酸浸过程中,八面沸石和霞石与硫酸发生反应使铝元素以离子形式存在于酸浸液中,其中霞石相更有利于烧结产物的酸浸过程。该研究结果可为烧结活化-酸浸法浸出粉煤灰中铝元素提供参考。     

化学活化法制备麻疯树果壳活性炭的实验研究

以麻疯树果壳为原料,KOH为活化剂,通过化学活化法制备活性炭。考察了反应温度、反应时间和碱炭比（KOH与麻疯树果壳炭化料的质量比）等因素对活化结果的影响,并利用N2吸附和BET等现代分析测试方法来表征活性炭的结构特征。结果表明,化学活化法制备的活性炭吸附剂性能较好,且当活化温度为850℃,活化时间为240min,碱炭比R=4时制得活性炭产品的质量最好;化学活化法制备的活性炭为微孔吸附剂,在最佳条件下得到最大的碘吸附值和比表面积分别为2218．44mg／g和1890m^2／g。     

Two facets of conscientiousness and the knowledge sharing dilemmas in the workplace: Contrasting moderating functions of supervisor support and coworker support

This study adopts self‐ and other‐centered approaches to explain how the two facets of conscientiousness (i.e., dutifulness and achievement striving) distinctly resolve knowledge sharing dilemmas among employees. It also explores how the critical social surroundings of employees (i.e., supervisor support and coworker support) neutralize or activate the effects of dutifulness and achievement striving on knowledge‐sharing behavior. Our analysis of the data collected from 150 employee–supervisor dyads corroborates that the other‐centered facet of conscientiousness (dutifulness) is positively related to knowledge‐sharing behavior, whereas the self‐centered facet (achievement striving) is negatively related to the same behavior. The analysis also affirms that the positive effect of dutifulness and the negative effect of achievement striving on knowledge sharing are strengthened when supervisor support is low and coworker support is high. This study offers theoretical and practical implications relevant to knowledge management in organizations, distinct roles of facet‐specific personalities toward knowledge sharing, and contrasting personality–situation interactions by situation strength and trait activation in shaping employee behavior.