热水环境中Na+活化斜发沸石吸附钙离子除硬过程研究

本实验以Na+活化天然斜发沸石为吸附剂模拟研究其在工业热水环境中对钙离子(Ca2+)吸附除硬,考察了吸附剂的活化/再生条件、溶液p H等影响因素,并对Ca2+吸附动力学和热力学行为进行了分析探讨.结果表明:1该吸附过程具有准二级动力学特征且更符合Langmuir吸附等温模型;2温度升高可有效提升Ca2+吸附效率,而对其最大吸附量影响较小;3过程属化学吸附且为自发、吸热的熵增反应;4建议溶液p H控制在6~10之间,且当初始Ca2+浓度小于20 mg·L-1时活化斜发沸石可再生高效使用9次以上.研究证明活化斜发沸石是一种工业热能动力系统高温在线除硬的理想吸附剂.     

柠檬酸对三峡水库消落区土壤中汞活化及甲基化的影响

利用室内模拟实验,用不同浓度柠檬酸溶液分别浸提和培养土壤,探讨了植被根系分泌物的主要成分柠檬酸对三峡库区消落带土壤中汞活化及甲基化的影响.结果表明,添加柠檬酸后浸提液中汞含量在达到最高值之前均高于对照组(0 mmol·L~(-1)),且随柠檬酸浓度的增加而增大.0、1、2、4、5、6、8 mmol·L~(-1)浓度下最大汞溶出量随柠檬酸浓度的增加先增大而后保持稳定,分别占供试土壤总汞的1.03%、1.67%、1.99%、2.47%、2.68%、2.73%、2.73%.培养实验中,土壤甲基汞(Me Hg)含量在前3 h内基本维持稳定,随后除对照组增加缓慢外,其余组均开始上升,且上升速率随柠檬酸浓度的升高而增大.在同一培养时段内,土壤Me Hg含量及增加量随柠檬酸浓度的升高而增大.表明柠檬酸对土壤中无机汞向甲基汞的转化过程有一定的促进作用,且促进作用随着柠檬酸浓度的增加而愈加显著.     

THE IMPORTANCE OF SOIL IN EVALUATING POTENTIAL WASTE WATER DISPOSAL SITES IN THE MISSOURI OZARKS1

ABSTRACT: A number of criteria can be used in the selection of an area for the irrigation disposal of secondary treated waste water. The inherent capacity of the surface soil to retain, or at least detain, the various nutrient ions passing through the profile in the percolating waters becomes the prime consideration in regions with shallow water tables or in Karst areas such as the Missouri Ozarks where the risk of ground water supply contamination is high. A comprehensive study of the nutrient renovation potential of several soils was undertaken at a proposed effluent irrigation site along the Ozark National Scenic Riverways in south central Missouri. The surface soil hydrology was evaluated employing selected soil water parameters. Exchange equilibria studies determined the retention capacity for Ca and Mg while the concentrations of other selected ions were analyzed in the soil water to measure their retention time and net removal. The movement of a bromine tracer was monitored as an index of the renovation capacity of these soils for the more mobile anions such as nitrate. Neutron activation analysis proved to be a useful tool in the water quality analyses. All surface soil profiles demonstrated some degree of nutrient renovation for the various nutrients studied.     

DDS系列煤炭自燃阻化剂实验研究

为寻找高效阻化剂以防止煤炭自热引燃，在控温炉中对ＤＤＳ系列煤自燃阻化剂的阻化效果进行了实验研究，并与经前的阻化剂做了比较。实验采用烟煤作为试样，借助于著名的Ｆｒａｎｋ－Ｋａｍｅｎｅｔｓｋｉｉ模型，利用４，６，８和１０厘米立方体阻化煤磁地６０－２２０℃温度范围估测其氧化反应的活化能。     

Heavy metals in Jamaican surface soils

A regional survey of Jamaican surface soils has been conducted in which more than 200 samples were collected at a sample density of 1 per 64 km² across the island and analysed for total concentrations of 31 elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The aim of the survey was to begin the construction of a high-precision geochemical database to provide information on elemental levels in soils for application to environmental studies, agriculture, and human and animal health. Results on the regional scale are presented for As, Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb. Although Jamaican surface soils are enriched in several heavy metals compared with world soil means and crustal abundances, lead is of particular importance at this stage because of its occurrence in residential areas. Except for Cu, the distribution maps of these elements are highly correlated with bauxite which in Jamaica is associated with white limestone geology and residualterra rossa soils.     

煤中掺比伴生硫化物的自燃特性分析

为了深入探究矿井下伴生硫化物对煤自燃及着火燃烧特性的影响,向原煤中添加不同量的含硫物配制4种不同含硫量的煤样,通过TG实验、DSC测试和XRD分析,研究伴生硫化物对煤自燃及着火燃烧特性的影响规律;基于Coats-Redfern法计算煤中掺加不同伴生硫化物时煤燃烧阶段的活化能。研究结果表明:随着煤中掺比伴生硫化物的增多,煤的特征温度相应减小,而吸氧量、可燃和稳燃指数相应增大,原煤中混入伴生硫化物后更易自燃;随着煤中掺比伴生硫化物的增多,煤燃烧阶段的活化能降低,煤更易着火燃烧;伴生硫化物的主要成分为水绿矾、叶绿矾,这些物质在常温下遇水和氧气能够发生化学循环反应,反应放热促使了煤更易自燃;伴生硫化物在温度高于200℃以后整体表现为放热,在温度为565℃时达到放热峰值,这使得煤燃烧阶段的活化能降低,煤更易燃烧。     

金属改性碳脱除PH3和H2S动力学及反应机理研究

为综合利用黄磷尾气中的CO,通过计算平均活化能和测定XPS、TG/DTA和氮吸附特性的方法,研究了Cu²⁺和某金属离子Mn⁺改性碳脱除PH₃和H₂S的动力学和反应机理问题。结果表明：H₂S在金属改性碳上反应时平均活化能为134.4 J/mol为-0.76级反应,PH₃在金属改性碳上反应时平均活化能为1 247.6 J/mol为-0.8级反应;减小改性碳粒径增加流量可以显著提高其脱除PH₃和H₂S的速率;XPS、TG/DTA和孔径分布分析证明,改性碳净化H₂S和PH₃是一个催化吸附过程,H₂S和PH₃首先与氧在改性碳表面进行催化氧化反应,然后生成S和P₂O₅沉积吸附在改性碳表面。     

硝酸异辛酯热安定性的实验研究

使用加速量热仪(ARC)研究硝酸异辛酯(EHN)的热分解,得到热分解温度随时间的变化曲线,自放热速率、分解压力随温度的变化曲线以及分解压力随升温速率的变化曲线。分析在绝热条件下硝酸异辛酯的热分解反应动力学和热分解过程,计算表观活化能、指前因子和反应热等参数。根据绝热热分解的起始温度和反应热数据,给出硝酸异辛酯在反应危险度等级中的分类,并计算在75℃时的反应风险指数。     

介孔TiO2纤维的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶和水蒸气活化热处理技术制备了介孔TiO2纤维,考察了各种因素对介孔TiO2纤维光催化活性的影响,并对介孔TiO2纤维结构进行了表征。介孔TiO2纤维的最佳制备条件：n（TBOT）∶n（C6H10O3）∶n（H2O）∶n（C3H8O）=1∶0.4∶2.0∶16,搅拌时间80min,Si与Ti的摩尔比为0.15,采用分段程序升温工艺,活化温度为700℃。所得介孔TiO2纤维比表面积为127.7m2/g,最可几孔径为7.3nm,具有极高的热稳定性及抗晶型转变能力,反应时间75min时活性艳红X-3B降解率为99.3%。     

麦饭石对NOx的吸附

研究了麦饭石在不同预处理方法、粒径、活化温度、NOx初始质量浓度和吸附时间等条件下对NOx的吸附性能。实验结果显示：粒径为0.18mm的麦饭石经过400～600℃活化1h后,NOx吸附率大于99%,饱和吸附量大于6.3m g/g。经4次重复活化后,麦饭石对NOx的吸附效果仍然很好,可作为处理含NOx废气的吸附剂。