稻壳吸附剂净化水中有机污染物的研究

以酸处理稻壳为原料，研究了稻壳吸附剂的活化工艺，所制备的吸附剂对水中芳香化合物和杂环染料均有较大的吸附能力。通过试验得出了吸附剂净化水中芳香化合物及染料的最佳条件     

Accumulation of heavy metals in two crop seeds due to soil contamination as determined by neutron activation analysis techniques

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Superior CO2 uptake on nitrogen doped carbonaceous adsorbents from commercial phenolic resin

In this study, N-doped porous carbons were produced with commercial phenolic resin as the raw material, urea as the nitrogen source and KOH as the activation agent. Different from conventional carbonization-nitriding-activation three-step method, a facile two-step process was explored to produce N-incorporated porous carbons. The as-obtained adsorbents hold superior CO₂ uptake, i.e. 5.01 and 7.47 mmol/g at 25?°C and 0?°C under 1 bar, respectively. The synergistic effects of N species on the surface and narrow micropores of the adsorbents decide their CO₂ uptake under 25?°C and atmospheric pressure. These phenolic resin-derived adsorbents also possess many extremely promising CO₂ adsorption features like good recyclability, quick adsorption kinetics, modest heat of adsorption, great selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ and outstanding dynamic adsorption capacity. Cheap precursor, easy preparation strategy and excellent CO₂ adsorption properties make these phenolic resin-derived N-doped carbonaceous adsorbents highly promising in CO₂ capture.     

秸秆生物炭活化过硫酸盐氧化降解苯酚

以苯酚为目标污染物,高粱秸秆生物炭（S-BC）作为催化剂研究其活化过硫酸盐（PS）降解苯酚的效果.对影响降解的因素（包括PS浓度、S-BC质量浓度、初始pH值以及自由基清除剂）进行探讨,同时研究了生物炭的重复使用效果.研究结果表明,S-BC/PS体系对苯酚的去除率显著高于单一S-BC和PS体系.在n（PS）：n（phenol）为50：1,S-BC质量浓度为1.5g/L,pH值为11的条件下,15h内苯酚的去除率高达99.7%;自由基清除剂（叔丁醇（TBA）,甲醇（MeOH））测定·OH和SO₄^-·是苯酚降解的主要活性物种;S-BC重复使用4次时对苯酚的去除率仍能达到100%.综上所述,生物炭可作为一种高效催化剂活化过硫酸盐降解苯酚.     

铝合金牺牲阳极材料的研究进展

论述了铝合金牺牲阳极材料的发展历程,阐述了适用于不用环境的铝合金牺牲阳极研发情况,综述了铝合金牺牲阳极的几种活化溶解理论,对影响阳极电化学性能的因素进行了探讨,分析了铝合金牺牲阳极材料技术目前存在的问题,并展望了铝合金牺牲阳极未来的发展方向。常规海水环境的牺牲阳极材料已发展得较为成熟,特殊工况环境的牺牲阳极尚有待进一步开发和完善。     

等离子球磨机的研制及其振动平台试验

目的实现球磨室在常压下的大面积介质阻挡放电等离子体,开发出商用等离子球磨机。方法通过在不同弹簧和平台质量条件下,利用振动传感器测试平台的振幅(峰峰值)和加速度(有效值)数值,对比确定最优配置和机械振动参数。结果当振动平台振幅接近球磨室内径时,获得高振幅和高加速度的磨球,显著缩短了气体放电间距,实现了球磨室在常压下的大面积介质阻挡放电等离子体。所设计的单筒等离子振动球磨机,其振动平台可选用φ7 mm、φ8 mm两组弹簧,根据平台质量的不同,选择不同类型的激振块组合,可以在30 Hz转速以上实现平台振幅峰峰值达到或者接近球磨罐内径值,同时拥有10g以上的加速度有效值。结论本试验综合机械振动学、高压绝缘放电和材料加工技术,所研制的等离子体球磨机实现了机械能和等离子体能在球磨过程中的协同作用,显著提高了粉末活性,降低了化合物合成反应激活能,从而显著提高了所制备材料的性能。     

煅烧对粉煤灰合成4A沸石的作用

研究了煅烧对粉煤灰合成4A沸石除炭(有机物)增白和活化的两个作用,试验确定了粉煤灰最佳的锻烧条件:温度为850℃,时间为2h。在此条件下煅烧,通过XRD、SEM分折和白度测定,结果显示:破坏了粉煤灰中的晶相结构和溶解了玻璃体,白度达到了63。     

生物炭基非金属过硫酸盐活化剂的开发与应用

生物炭驱动的过硫酸盐高级氧化技术近几年来受到了环境科学界的广泛关注.本文对当前生物炭基非金属过硫酸盐活化剂开发过程中采取的调控措施与改性手段进行了总结,汇总了生物炭基过硫酸盐高级氧化技术在难降解有机污染物削减方面的应用,同时阐述了生物炭活化过硫酸盐的机理,展望了生物炭基过硫酸盐活化剂未来的发展方向与挑战.     

景区典型树种的热解特性及动力学研究

为了研究山林或景区中不同植物的热稳定性,选取了景区种植数量较多的6种典型树种:女贞、枇杷、竹子、松树、柏树和法桐的枝干和叶作为样品。借助同步热分析仪,在温升速率20℃/min的条件下,对未经干燥处理的样品进行热解特性及热解反应动力学研究。通过TG、DTG以及DSC曲线分析各样品的热解过程,并采用分阶段一级反应动力学模型Coats-Redfern法求得相应参数。研究结果表明:所取样品的热解过程都出现4个明显的热解阶段,即脱水阶段、综纤维素热解阶段、木质素热分解阶段、炭化阶段。根据6个树种的主要热解阶段和动力学分析,6种树种的热稳定性从低到高顺序依次为竹子、女贞、枇杷、法桐、柏树、松树。     

Gamma irradiation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole aqueous solution in the presence of persulfate

Recently, water treatment by ionizing radiation has gained increasing attention as a powerful technology for the destruction of refractory pollutants. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole(MBT) is known as a widespread, toxic and poorly biodegradable pollutant. This paper studied the gamma irradiation of aqueous solutions of MBT. Moreover, the effect of the addition of persulfate(S2O82-) on the radiolytic destruction of MBT was investigated. The main transformation products of the studied compound were detected and the sequence of occurrence of the products was described. The change of biodegradability of MBT solution was also observed. The main results obtained in this study indicated that gamma radiation was effective for removing MBT in aqueous solution. Persulfate addition, which induced the formation of reactive sulfate radicals(SO4-U), greatly enhanced the degradation of MBT. Benzothiazole was identified as the first radiation product, followed by 2-hydroxybenzothiazole. Decomposition of MBT started with the oxidation of –SH groups to sulfate ions. Possible pathways for MBT decomposition by gamma irradiation were proposed. The BOD/COD ratios of MBT samples were increased after radiation,indicating the improvement of biodegradability and reduction of toxicity.