粉煤灰活化技术在诺砂制品中的应用研究

对激发粉煤灰活性的方法(物理活化和化学活化)进行了探讨,提出了一种能够大幅度提高粉煤灰活性的有效方法——细磨和化学激发复合方法。用此法活化粉煤灰制得的诺砂制品,其早期强度显著提高。同时对其活化机理进行了分析。     

活化温度对蜂窝状活性炭结构和脱硫性能的影响

以糠醛渣碳粉为原料，配以一定比例的粘结剂和增强材料，制备出了可用于烟气脱硫的蜂窝状活性炭，考察了活化温度对蜂窝状活性炭结构和脱硫性能的影响。结果表明：随着活化温度的升高，样品的比表面积增大，类石墨微晶尺寸减小，类石墨有序结构逐渐变得无序成为乱层石墨结构，样品的脱硫能力增大。     

Production and characterization of KOH-activated carbon derived from polychlorinated biphenyl residue generated by the sodium dispersion process

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues from the sodium dispersion (SD) process were employed as the raw materials for the production of activated carbon using KOH activation. The pore properties, such as the specific surface area and pore size distribution, were characterized using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method and the Horvath–Kawazoe method based on the N₂ adsorption isotherm at 77 K. The activated carbon produced showed similar adsorption capacities and specific surface areas to the commercially available product. The effects of the activation conditions on the porosity of the activated carbon produced were studied. The most significant factor affecting the specific surface proved to be the activation temperature. The activated carbon produced from PCB residues from the high-temperature (423–443 K) SD process had a binary pore size distribution well developed in the 4 nm region and in the micropore region. The pore structure of the carbon produced from PCB residues from the low-temperature (333–393 K) SD process had a wide range of micropores and mesopores.     

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)污泥固定化小球还原硫酸盐的动力学研究

通过研究硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)污泥固定化小球还原硫酸盐过程硫酸盐浓度的变化规律,建立了反应动力学方程,确定了pH值和球液配比量对反应速率常数的影响,计算了相应的反应表观活化能.结果表明: SRB还原硫酸盐的反应为一级反应,反应动力学方程为:V=-dC/dt=0.080 56C.pH值为6-7时,SRB还原硫酸盐的反应速率常数相差不大,pH＜4和pH＞10时,反应速率常数逐渐减小.球液配比量减少,反应速率常数也随之减小,反应表观活化能增大.在实验条件下,SRB还原硫酸盐属化学控制.并由此确定了SRB污泥固定化小球还原硫酸盐的最佳工艺条件为温度35 ℃、pH值6-7、球液配比量1∶10(g/mL).     

PERCOLATE WATER AND BROMIDE MOVEMENT IN THE ROOT ZONE OF EFFLUENT IRRIGATION SITES1

ABSTRACT: A bromide tracer was used to evaluate percolate water and ion movement in the upper 1.2 m of soil at a proposed sewage effluent irrigation site located in the Missouri Ozarks. Two plots representing Doniphan silt loam and Crider silt loam soils were sprinkler irrigated with local ground water at a rate of 7.62 cm/week from June through August 1976. Soil water potential, percent soil moisture by volume, and background levels of bromide in soil water, ground water, and precipitation were measured at the study plots. Bromide exchange properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soils were determined in the laboratory. During two selected time periods, irrigation water, was spiked with NaBr (5.0 mg/l Br). Bromide movement through the upper profile was quantified by soil water samples and post-sampling neutron activation analysis. Soil moisture was near saturatin in both soils when the Br tracer was applied. Bromide concentrations above background levels (0.023 mg/l Br, Doniphan silt loam and 0.016 mg/l Br, Crider silt loam) were detected within 2.60 hours at 0.9 m in the Doniphan soil and within 3.75 hours at that depth in the Crider soil. The rate of Br movement in the profile was greater in both soils than the measured saturated hydraulic conductivity, Bromide concentrations above background levels were present in soil water from the study plots for a minimum of 21 days after irrigation with the Br tracer.     

Two facets of conscientiousness and the knowledge sharing dilemmas in the workplace: Contrasting moderating functions of supervisor support and coworker support

This study adopts self‐ and other‐centered approaches to explain how the two facets of conscientiousness (i.e., dutifulness and achievement striving) distinctly resolve knowledge sharing dilemmas among employees. It also explores how the critical social surroundings of employees (i.e., supervisor support and coworker support) neutralize or activate the effects of dutifulness and achievement striving on knowledge‐sharing behavior. Our analysis of the data collected from 150 employee–supervisor dyads corroborates that the other‐centered facet of conscientiousness (dutifulness) is positively related to knowledge‐sharing behavior, whereas the self‐centered facet (achievement striving) is negatively related to the same behavior. The analysis also affirms that the positive effect of dutifulness and the negative effect of achievement striving on knowledge sharing are strengthened when supervisor support is low and coworker support is high. This study offers theoretical and practical implications relevant to knowledge management in organizations, distinct roles of facet‐specific personalities toward knowledge sharing, and contrasting personality–situation interactions by situation strength and trait activation in shaping employee behavior.     

Fe2+抑控煤中α硫酚结构氧化机理及效果

应用Gaussian 03程序,采用密度泛函方法,在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平下,分析Fe~(2+)抑制煤中α位硫酚结构氧化的效果,从而为阻化剂的配制与优选提供数值依据。首先,根据自然键轨道理论分析煤的特征结构C_(10)H_7SH与过渡金属Fe~(2+)形成配合物的成键本质,并结合分子中的原子理论分析其稳定性;然后,分别计算C_(10)H_7SH结构和[FeSH_8CC_(10)]~(2+)配合物吸附O_2的反应过程,得到反应过程所需活化能,以此活化能为指标,表征Fe~(2+)抑控煤中α位硫酚结构氧化的效果。计算结果表明,Fe~(2+)与C_(10)H_7SH结构中的S原子间形成了配位键,根据电子密度拓扑分析得其键能E_(S-Fe)为-128.56 kJ/mol,C_(10)H_7SH结构吸附O_2的反应过程所需活化能为E_C=62.71 kJ/mol,[FeSH_8C_(10)]~(2+)配合物吸附O_2的反应过程所需活化能与其相比增加了35.60 kJ/mol。研究表明,Fe~(2+)对煤中α位硫酚结构氧化具有明显的控制作用。     

空气湿度对煤自燃特性影响的试验研究

为研究空气湿度对煤自燃特性的影响,运用程序升温试验台,在不同环境湿度条件下,对黄陵2号矿4#煤层煤样进行程序升温,分析不同温度下的气体成分,计算煤样在不同温度和湿度条件下的耗氧速率、CO和CO_2产生率,以及煤氧化的表观活化能。结果表明:与在干燥的空气中氧化相比,煤在加湿空气中的耗氧速率、CO和CO_2产生率升高,活化能降低,表明加湿有利于煤自燃;随空气湿度增加,煤体的耗氧速率、cO和CO_2产生率先升高后降低,活化能先降低后增加,表明存在一个最容易使煤氧化自燃的临界空气湿度;黄陵2号矿4#煤层煤样的临界相对湿度为25%左右。     

活化过硫酸盐高级氧化技术的研究进展及工程应用

过硫酸盐具有强氧化性、易溶于水、较稳定、易运输等特点,活化后的过硫酸盐可以产生具有强氧化性的SO-4·,适用于氧化降解各种有机污染物,在污染土壤修复、地下水修复处理等环境污染修复治理领域具有广阔的应用前景。分析了光、热、过渡金属离子、强碱以及强氧化剂等不同条件下活化过硫酸盐的国内外研究进展,并就活化方式的选择与有机物结构特点之间的关系进行探讨,对其在土壤污染修复治理领域的应用进行了展望。