土壤的芘污染与土壤酶活性

选择芘作为多环芳烃(PAHs)代表污染物、敏感土壤酶作为污染物的生态毒理指标,探讨芘暴露下土壤酶活性的变化。结果表明:芘的添加浓度>50μg·kg-1时,对土壤脲酶、土壤脱氢酶活性有先抑制、后激活的作用,对土壤磷酸酶活性有激活作用;芘的添加浓度为50～1200μg·kg-1时,对土壤过氧化氢酶活性没有影响。土壤脲酶、脱氢酶、磷酸酶活性有可能作为芘污染土壤的生态毒理指标。     

脉冲活化一次全部治理CO_2、SO_2、NO_x和烟尘研究（Ⅱ）──模拟工业治

应用超高压窄脉冲模拟治理工业烟气（常压、烟气温度１８０℃）．ＣＯ＿２、ＳＯ＿２、ＮＯ＿ｘ分解率均在８０％以上，把有害气体分解成单一原子组成的气体分子Ｏ＿２、Ｎ＿２和单质微粒Ｓ、Ｃ；同时收尘效率高达９９％．是工业上治理烟气污染的高效、低成本的新技术。     

大孔吸附树脂（XH－1）处理含酚废水的研究

本文就ＸＨ－１型大孔吸附树脂对含酚废水处理性能进行了研究，探索了吸附平衡时间，确立了吸附体系Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温式，找到了树脂在不同再生剂中最佳工艺条件，发现了吸附、脱附过程分别具有二级和一级反应动力学特征，并得到其表现活化能．     

绝热加速量热仪研究锂离子电池电解液热安全性

利用绝热加速量热仪对商业锂离子电池中常用的3种电解液进行了热分析实验,并根据测试结果评价了其热安全性.3种电解液的初始反应温度均在180～200℃之间;运用绝热理论模型,得到3种电解液热分解反应的活化能Ea分别为(246.202±2.866)kJ·mol、(277.94±7.49)kJ·mol-1和(778.81±34.86)kJ·mol-1;每克样品反应终止时压力分别达到2173.84kPa、2 074.80kPa和2408.65 kPa,压力升高值△P分别为:819.42 kPa、1 619.37 kPa和808.54 kPa.     

温度降低对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能及污泥胞外聚合物的影响

本研究系统考察了阶梯降温并恢复至室温（33→25→20→15→10→22℃）长期变化过程（361d）厌氧氨氧化反应器的动态脱氮效能和厌氧氨氧化活性变化,分析了厌氧氨氧化污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）的变化特性,计算获得了厌氧氨氧化反应的活化能.结果表明,在温度20~33℃下,序批式厌氧氨氧化反应器可稳定高效运行,总氮去除负荷维持在0.4gN/（L·d）左右,最大比厌氧氨氧化活性（SAA）大于0.32gN/（gVSS·d）.10℃是厌氧氨氧化菌代谢活性的转折点：当温度降至10℃时,SAA为0.044gN/（gVSS·d）,较33℃时下降91%.当温度恢复至22℃,厌氧氨氧化活性恢复至0.24gN/（gVSS·d）.厌氧氨氧化反应的活化能Ea在10~33℃和10~20℃范围内分别为68.4,152.9kJ/mol.在本实验温度（33→15℃）范围内,EPS含量随着温度降低而升高;在10℃时,EPS含量显著下降,出水中悬浮物升高,造成部分厌氧氨氧化污泥流失.     

萘和菲在黄土上的吸附动力学

研究了萘和菲在天然黄土和阳离子表面活性剂改性黄土上的吸附动力学过程。结果表明,萘和菲在阳离子表面活性剂改性黄土上吸附速率比在天然黄土上的快,同时吸附数据都能很好的符合一级动力学方程;吸附速率与起始浓度、温度及黄土本身的性质有关;萘和菲的吸附速率常数k与温度T成负相关。吸附反应的活化能分别为:-6.196~-1.172kJ/mol和-28.86~-15.70kJ/mol;萘和菲在天然黄土和阳离子改性黄土上的吸附速率由膜扩散和孔扩散过程控制,实验数据可以用扩散动力学方程拟合。本研究为理解多环芳烃在土壤中的迁移规律提供了理论基础,同时有助于理解土壤环境中石油污染物的迁移。     

同步活化氮掺杂海藻酸钠基多孔碳制备及对双酚A的高效吸附

为了进一步提升多孔碳材料的吸附性能,以海藻酸钠(SA)为碳前驱体、K2CO3为活化剂、三聚氰胺为氮掺杂剂,通过一步法实现同步活化氮掺杂海藻酸钠基多孔碳材料(SAC/N)的制备,研究了掺氮比对多孔碳吸附性能的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等方法对样品进行了表征.结...     

Steam activation,characterisation and adsorption studies of activated carbon from maize tassels

In this paper, steam-produced activated carbon (STAC) from maize tassel (MT) was evaluated for its ability to remove basic dye (methylene blue MB) from aqueous solution in a batch adsorption process. The equilibrium experiments were conducted in the range of 50–300 mg/L initial MB concentrations at 30°C, for effect of pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The experimental data were analysed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models of adsorption. Freundlich adsorption isotherm was found to have highest value of R²(R²=0.97) compared to other models of Langmuir and Temkin having (0.96 and 0.95 respectively). STAC has a high adsorptive capacity for MB dye (200 mg/g) and also showed favourable adsorption for the dye with the separation factor (R_L<1) for the dye-activated carbon system. The kinetic data obtained were analysed using pseudo first-order kinetic equation and pseudo second-order kinetic equation. The experimental data fitted well into pseudo second-order kinetic equation, as demonstrated by the high value of R².     

Kinetic analysis for spontaneous combustion of sulfurized rust in oil tanks

In order to evaluate the spontaneous combustion hazards of sulfurized rust in oil tanks, one kind of rust was obtained from respiratory valve inner cavity of a crude oil tank in a petrochemical company. The rust was sulfurized in sulfuration experimental apparatus. The production was analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The EDS result shows that the main substances are FeS and FeS₂ which are liable to spontaneous combustion. The sulfurized rust gives a short length of side and diamond appearance, and a large pore size in structure based on X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The whole oxidation process has three complex stages. The corresponding apparent activation energy values, most probable mechanism functions and pre-exponential factor values were calculated by Madhusudanan–Krishnan–Ninan method and the master plot method. The results indicate that the first and third stages of mass loss are up to the power function mechanism, but the second stage accords with the nucleation and nucleus growth mechanism. The values of apparent activation energy increase successively from the first stage to the third stage. The second stage has the maximum pre-exponential factor value, while the first has the minimum. With the obtained parameters above, the oxidation process of sulfurised rust could be simulated, which would benefit for monitoring and early warning of oil tanks.     

典型硼化合物与磷酸二氢铵协效阻燃松木的燃烧性能及热解动力学研究

利用木垛法和热重分析法比较研究了硼酸、硼砂与磷酸二氢铵复配阻燃松木的燃烧性能、热解特性及热解反应动力学。结果表明,单种阻燃剂使用时,磷酸二氢铵的阻燃效果优于硼酸和硼砂;两两复配使用具有明显的协效作用,其中阻燃效果:磷酸二氢铵/硼酸＞磷酸二氢铵/硼砂＞硼酸/硼砂,而硼酸与磷酸二氢铵在质量比为2:3时,协效阻燃效果最好。与未处理松木相比,阻燃剂的加入降低了松木在热解阶段的初始分解温度和峰值分解温度,缩短了热解区间,并降低了松木在主要热解阶段的表观活化能,其中热解阶段活化能越低的阻燃松木在燃烧过程中成炭效果和阻燃性能越好。