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61.
Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela Sandra Gmez-Arroyo Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini Stefan Waliszewski María Elena Caldern-Segura Rubn Flix-Gastlum Armando lvarez-Torres 《Environment international》2009,35(8):1155-1159
Genotoxic damage was evaluated in 70 agricultural workers, 25 women and 45 men, exposed to pesticides in Las Grullas, Ahome, Sinaloa, Mexico, with an average of 7 years of exposure. The effect was detected through the sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in lymphocytes of peripheral blood and micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear anomalies (NA) in buccal exfoliated cells. Also, the influence on cellular proliferation kinetics (CPK) was studied by means of the replication index (RI) and the cytotoxic effect was examined with the mitotic index (MI). The non-exposed group consisted of 70 other persons, 21 women and 47 men from the city of Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico. Significant differences between the exposed and the non-exposed groups were observed in SCE, CPK, MI, MN and NA. Analysis of variance revealed that age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption did not have a significant effect on genetic damage. However, there was a correlation between exposure time to pesticides and SCE frequency. These results could have been due to the exposure of workers to pesticides containing different chemical compounds. This study afforded valuable data to estimate the possible risk to health associated with pesticide exposure. 相似文献
62.
建立了针对地表水和地下水中11种三嗪类农药的超高效液相色谱三重四极杆质谱分析方法,并对前处理、仪器分析、方法特性指标等因素进行优化探讨。使用SB-C18色谱柱、乙腈水二元混合液流动相进行化合物分离,设置柱温为40℃、进样量为10μL,质谱采用正离子模式检测,内标法定量,采用平均相对响应因子法拟合标准曲线。结果表明,11种三嗪类农药的方法检出限为0.003~0.01μg/L,对3种质量浓度的基体加标样品分别进行6次平行分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.1%~19%,平均加标回收率为80.0%~108%。采集地表水和地下水样品,经尼龙或聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤后上机测定,在1种地表水样品中检出了阿特拉津和扑灭津,平均质量浓度分别为0.032和0.009μg/L。该方法具有准确度高、重复性好、检出限低等优点,能够满足现阶段地表水和地下水的环境管理监测要求。 相似文献
63.
64.
The rate of pesticide biodegradation does not remain constant with time, and is dependent on the physico-chemical properties of the soil and of the pesticide as well as on the biology of the soil. Prolonged or repeated contact between soil microbes and pesticides has been shown to result in an increase in the rate and extent of biodegradation. This work assessed the impact of the soil:water ratio on measurement of catabolic induction for 14C-isoproturon, 14C-diazinon and 14C-cypermethrin. Slurrying (1:1 and 1:3 soil:water) with agitation resulted in significantly higher rates and extents of mineralisation than the non-slurried system (P ? 0.05; 1:0 soil:water), except for the mineralisation of 14C-diazinon where the greatest extent of mineralisation occurred in non-slurried soil. Slurrying without agitation resulted in the significant lower mineralisation in all cases (P ? 0.05). There was a significant interaction between the soil:water ratio and length of contact (P ? 0.05). Whilst the use of slurried systems can enhance the extent and rate of mineralisation, there is no improvement in reproducibility, and so for the measurement of catabolic induction, the use of field conditions will lead to a more environmentally relevant measurement. 相似文献
65.
Tian H 《Chemosphere》2011,83(3):349-355
A sensitive method for determination of chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin and 29 pesticides residues in bovine milk by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed. Residues of the targets were extracted from milk with acetonitrile, cleaned up by C18-SPE cartridge, and then determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The MS detection was operated in positive or negative ionization mode, depending on the compounds. For confirmation of each target compound, two precursor ion > product ion transitions were selected by multi-reaction monitoring mode (MRM). The method showed good linearity for all the tested compounds over the studied concentration range with correlation coefficient higher than 0.9910. Recoveries for the studied compounds at three spiked levels (0.05, 0.10, 0.19 mg kg−1) in bovine milk were in the range of 71-107% with RSDs not larger than 13.7%, except that recoveries of trifluralin ranged between 62% and 70% at the spiked levels. Limits of quantitation for the analytes were estimated to range between 0.03 × 10−3 and 14.5 × 10−3 mg kg−1. The proposed method was applied for the determination of the analytes residues in real samples. The found levels of the analytes in milk samples were lower than maximum residues levels (MRL). 相似文献
66.
Accumulation levels and characteristics of some pesticides in human adipose tissue samples from Southeast China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents a comprehensive study of pesticide levels and bio-accumulation characteristics in human adipose tissues among residents of Southeast China. A large number of adipose samples (n = 633) were selected for 58 pesticides and were analyzed by high sensitive Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The results showed that POPs pesticides were frequently detected, including 2,4′-DDD, 2,4′-DDE, 2,4′-DDT, 4,4′-DDD, 4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDT, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and mirex. Other detected pesticide species were dicofol, methamidophos and chlordimeform, which have rarely been reported. Comparing to different countries, the concentrations of total DDT and HCH in these three Chinese southeastern sites were in the middle range, whereas the HCB and mirex were in the lower end. A significant correlation was observed between region as well as age and POPs pesticide levels. Some pesticide residue levels were also found significantly correlated to occupation. However, there was no significant correlation between gender and pesticides. Meanwhile, it is interesting to find that mortality of malignant tumors tends to associate with the pesticides levels in human adipose tissue. More importantly, the measured data presented in this study provide realistic information which is useful for assessing human exposure to pesticides in the general population of Southeast China. 相似文献
67.
Laboratory and field studies were conducted in order to determine the leaching potential of eight pesticides commonly used during pepper cultivation by use of disturbed soil columns and field lysimeters, respectively. Two soils with different organic matter content (soils A and B) were used. Additionally, soil B was amended with compost (sheep manure). The tested compounds were cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos-methyl, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, endosulfan, malathion and tolclofos-methyl. In soil B (lower organic matter content), only endosulfan sulphate, malathion and tolclofos-methyl were found in leachates. For the soil A (higher organic matter content) and amended soil B, pesticide residues were not found in the leachates. In addition, this paper reports on the use of common agronomic practices (solarization and biosolarization) to enhance degradation of these pesticides from polluted soil A. The results showed that both solarization and biosolarization enhanced the degradation rates of endosulfan, bifenthrin and tolclofos-methyl compared with the control. Most of the studied pesticides showed similar behavior under solarization and biosolarization conditions. However, chlorpyrifos was degraded to a greater extent in the solarization than in biosolarization treatment. The results obtained point to the interest in the use of organic amendment in reducing the pollution of groundwater by pesticide drainage and in the use of solarization and biosolarization in reducing the persistence of pesticides in soil. 相似文献
68.
Toxicity studies tend to use pure pesticides with single organisms. However, natural systems are complex and biological communities diverse. The organophosphate pesticide propetamphos (PPT) has been found exceeding regulatory limits (100 ng L−1) in rivers. We address whether solution properties affect the fate of Analar (Analar-PPT) or industrial PPT (PPT-Ind) propetamphos formulations and whether propetamphos and metal toxicant effects are additive, antagonistic or synergistic? The sorption, desorption, biodegradation and microbial toxicology of Analar-PPT and PPT-Ind were investigated in Conwy River and estuary sediment. Results showed elevated salinity enhanced PPT sorption, while higher salinities increased PPT-Ind retention. Higher dissolved organic matter (DOM) and low salinity slowed Analar-PPT biodegradation (1.9 × 10−3 h−1). Analar-PPT and PPT-Ind biodegradation was further reduced by low salinity, high DOM and dissolved Zn and Pb (6.3 × 10−4 h−1, 1100 h t½ for Analar-PPT; 7.5 × 10−4 h−1, 924 h t½ for PPT-Ind). Toxicity effects of PPT, Zn and Pb in equitoxic ratio were higher for PPT-Ind (4.7 μg PPT-Ind g−1; 581 μg Zn g−1; 395 μg Pb g−1) than for Analar-PPT (34.6 μg PPT g−1; 312 μg Zn g−1; 212 μg Pb g−1) whilst a toxicant ratio 1:100:10 suggested small quantities of Analar-PPT (EC10 = 0.06 μg g−1) affected microbial communities. The combined toxicity effect was more than additive. Thus, industrial formulations and pollutant mixtures should be considered when assessing environmental toxicity. 相似文献
69.
A study was under taken, under controlled laboratory conditions, to investigate the influence of non-ionizing radiation (UV-B) and an organochlorine pesticide on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, protein content and DCPIP photoreduction of a cyanobacterium Nostoc carneum. Test algae was isolated from rice field soils of Sambalpur, Western Orissa, India and grown in nitrogen free BG 11 culture medium. Culture of algae from log phase of growth was treated with 5 ppm of the insecticide, Endodhan and UV-B (20 mW m−2) for 2 h daily, separately and in combination of insecticide and UV-B radiation. Algal samples treated with UV-B and pesticide separately showed distinct inhibitory effects on growth, pigments, protein content and DCPIP reduction of the test samples. However, when pesticide treated samples were subjected to UV-B exposure, the effect showed additive as well as synergetic effect. Experiment conducted to check the ability of the organism to recover from the stress, exposed for various time periods, suggest their ability to partially recover from the stress. 相似文献
70.
Iride Passarella Irene Elia Barbara Guarino Giancarlo Bourlot Michèle Nègre 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):137-143
The dissipation of the fungicides captan, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, dithianon, and tebuconazole and of the insecticides chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, and malathion was studied, following a single treatment of different cultivars of pears, apples, and peaches. The study was conducted in northern Italy, over two successive growing seasons (2004 and 2005). The treatments were performed by the farmers involved, in line with their usual practice. At various time intervals from treatment to harvest, representative samples of fruit were collected and analyzed for pesticide residues. In some cases, concentrations lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) were found immediately after treatment. In all trials a rapid decline in pesticide concentrations was observed leading to residues at harvest greatly below the MRLs. 相似文献