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91.
催化湿式氧化法处理吡虫啉农药废水的优化工艺条件 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
采用催化湿式氧化技术在2 L高压反应釜中处理吡虫啉农药废水,分别以复合金属氧化物Cu/Mn、Cu/Ce、Ce/Mn及Ce/Ag为催化剂来考察对废水COD去除率的影响.发现Cu/Ce、Ce/Mn、Cu/Mn催化剂有较高的催化活性;Ce/Mn催化剂最稳定;Ce/Ag催化剂的Ag溶出量很大.选用性能良好的Ce/Mn催化剂,考察了反应温度、反应压力和废水的初始pH对催化湿式氧化效果的影响.结果表明,催化剂的加入可使COD去除率提高37%左右,同时处理后废水的BOD5/COD从0.19提高到0.65以上;当反应温度为150~230 ℃时,处理效率随温度升高明显增加;总压4.8 MPa、氧分压1.2~2.4 MPa时,适当增加氧分压亦能提高氧化效率;废水初始pH对氧化效果影响不大,但对催化剂的稳定性有影响.优化工艺条件最终为:催化剂为Ce/Mn;温度190 ℃;氧分压1.6 MPa;进水pH为6.21;反应时间120 min. 相似文献
92.
93.
We studied the adsorption and desorption of two pesticides, namely isoproturon and dimetomorph, onto a model soil sample.
We first show that the adsorption of isoproturon depends on pH, from 1 mg g−1 at pH 4 to 2 mg g−1 at pH 10, contrary to the adsorption of dimetomorph (5.8 mg g−1). We also studied the influence of metallic cations, copper(II), iron(III), manganese(II), and chromium(III), on the sorption
of isoproturon and dimetomorph. We found that in the case of isoproturon, the presence of metallic cations does influence
the retention capacity of the soil sample. The sorption becomes very weak in the presence of copper and chromium, whereas
in the case of iron and manganese the sorption properties are slightly modified. 相似文献
94.
用蒸馏水一次提取新鲜蔬菜样品,以SE-30和QF-1为固定液,Chromosorb W AW DMCS为固定相,2m填充柱分离,氢火焰检测器检测,进样10uL测定灭杀毙含量,以保留时间定性,外标法定量,分析时间小于150s,方法回收率95.4%,相对标准差3.6%,可用作上市蔬菜灭杀毙农药残留量的快速测定。 相似文献
95.
Yi H. Liu Yi R. Guo Chun M. Wang Wen J. Gui Guo N. Zhu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):819-827
The mechanism of specific recognition in pesticide immunochemistry was investigated by computer-based strategy, and a rapid method for the identification of antibody specificity was developed. Based on the previously produced anti-parathion monoclonal antibody (mAb), the DNA sequence was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the translated amino acid sequences, a three-dimensional structure of the antibody was constructed by homology modeling method, and then it was coordinated by 1 ns molecular dynamics under the explicit solvent condition. The stereochemical property and folding quality were further assessed by Procheck and Profile-3D. The self-compatibility score for the antibody model was 98.7, which was greater than the low score 46.2 and close to the top score 102.6. In addition, parathion and several structural analogues were docked to the constructed antibody structure. The docking results showed that the interaction energy (-40.54 kcal/mol) of antibody-parathion complex was the lowest among all the tested pesticides, which accounted for the high specificity of the antibody to parathion and perfectly matched with the experimental data. Moreover, three residues, Phe165, Asp107 and Thr100 were recognized as the most important residues for antibody reacting with parathion. The interaction energy negatively correlated with the antibody specificity. 相似文献
96.
NARAYANAN KANNAN SUE M. WHITE FRED WORRALL MICK J. WHELAN 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):1049-1070
Pesticides in stream flow from the 142 ha Colworth catchment in Bedfordshire, UK were monitored from October 1999 to December 2000. About 47% of the catchment is tile-drained and different pesticides and cropping patterns have recently been evaluated in terms of their effect on nutrient and pesticide losses to the stream. The data from Colworth were used to test soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) 2000 predictions of pesticide concentrations at the catchment outlet. A sound model set-up to carry out pesticide modelling was created by means of hydrological modelling with proper simulation of crop growth and evapotranspiration. The pesticides terbuthylazine, terbutryn, cyanazine and bentazone were modelled. There was close agreement between SWAT-predicted pesticide concentration values and observations. Scenario trials were conducted to explore management options for reducing pesticide loads arriving at the catchment outlet. The results obtained indicate that SWAT can be used as a tool to understand pesticide behavior at the catchment scale. 相似文献
97.
Saida Barnat Michel Boisset Francine Casse Michel Catteau Jean-Michel Lecerf Daniel Veschambre 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):102-107
The increase of fresh vegetable and fruit (FVF) intake could contribute to the prevention of obesity and several major pathologies and thus represents a major public health goal in industrial countries. Nutritional recommendations for increased consumption of FVF could lead to ingestion of unwanted amounts of pesticides. This study was undertaken to evaluate theoretical exposure of French adults to pesticide residues under increasing amounts of FVF intake. Balanced menus with 200 – 400 – 600 – 800 and 1200 g FVF/day were established. Amounts of active substances brought by every FVF vector, at the maximum residue level (MRL) were summed up to determine the intake for each active substance. Values were compared to the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) to point out any potential over exposure. A maximalistic approach was adopted and no reducing factor due to processing was taken into account. It was found that under minimal recommended consumption of fruit and vegetables (400 g/d), no active substance reached the ADI, but 18 vs 144 were over 10% of the ADI. Raising FVF to 600 g/d increased the number of active substances over 10 % of the ADI to 24, but again in no case was the ADI exceeded. Doubling the intake to 800 g/d gives values over the ADI for 2 active substances only (cyhexatin and thirame). It was concluded that the increase in fruit and vegetables up to 800 g per day should not expose adults over the ADIs for a majority of authorized pesticides. In this regard, residues levels of ten active substances in fruit and vegetables should deserve particular attention. 相似文献
98.
Degradation kinetics of microencapsulated chlorpyrifos (CPF-MC) in soil and its influence on soil microbial community structures were investigated by comparing with emulsifiable concentration of chlorpyrifos (CPF-EC) in laboratory. The residual periods of CPF-MC with fortification levels of 5 and 20 mg/kg reached 120 days in soil, both of the degradation curves did not fit the first-order model, and out-capsule residues of chlorpyrifos in soil were maintained at 1.76 (±0.33) and 5.92 (±1.20) mg/kg in the period between 15 and 60 days, respectively. The degradation kinetics of CPF-EC fit the first-order model, and the residual periods of 5 and 20 mg/kg treatments were 60 days. Bacterial community structures in soil treated with two concentrations of CPF-MC showed similarity to those of the control during the test period, as seen in the band number and relative intensities of the individual band on DGGE gels (p 〉 0.05). Fungal community structures were slightly affected in the 5 mg/kg treatments and returned to the control levels after 30 days, but initially differed significantly from control in the 20 mg/kg treatments (p 〈 0.05) and did not recover to control levels until 90 days later. The CPF-EC significantly altered microbial community structures (p 〈 0.05) and effects did not disappear until 240 days later. The results indicated that the microcapsule technology prolonged the residue periods of chlorpyrifos in soil whereas it decreased its side-effects on soil microbes as compared with the emulsifiable concentration formulation. 相似文献
99.
100.
Juárez RA Dorry LL Bello-Mendoza R Sánchez JE 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(3):948-952
Lignocellulosic materials are used as substrate for the cultivation of the edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius. After two or three flushes of mushrooms, the spent substrate is discarded although it still has an important enzymatic activity that can be used for several purposes. In this study, we sought to determine the technical feasibility of using spent substrate from P. pulmonarius to degrade chlorothalonil. Reaction mixture was prepared with 6 ml of pesticide aqueous solution (2 mg active ingredient/l) and 3 ml of enzymatic extract obtained from spent P. pulmonarius substrate. The enzymatic reaction (27 °C, pH 7.4) was conducted for 1 h with sampling at 15 min intervals. The effect of storage time and temperature (freezing or refrigerating) of spent substrate and enzymatic extract, respectively, on the activity over chlorothalonil was determined. Freshly obtained spent substrate extract was able to reduce 100% of the initial concentration of chlorothalonil (2 mg/l) after 45 min of reaction. Storage time had a negative effect on the stability of the enzymatic activity: with spent substrate stored for a week, chlorothalonil concentration was reduced in 49.5% after 1 h reaction and with substrate stored for two and three weeks, the degradation efficiency decreased to 9.15% and 0%, respectively. Cooling and freezing the spent substrate extract also had a negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation. 相似文献