化工园区规划环评中应重点关注的问题分析——以新疆吐鲁番市沈宏化工园区为例

化工园区开发建设项目具有建设内容复杂、建设范围大、建设周期长等特点,且不确定性强,产生污染物种类多、数量大,对周边区域的环境影响复杂,其规划环境影响评价应主要依据《开发区区域环境影响评价技术导则》编制。根据化工园区开发项目的环境影响特点,选址、功能区布局、产业规划及可持续发展能力分析作为化工园区规划环评中重点关注的问题,并给予重点评价。     

Compound specific carbon and hydrogen stable isotope analyses of volatile organic compounds in various emissions of combustion processes

This study presents carbon (δ¹³C) and hydrogen (δD) isotope values of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various emission sources using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TD-GC-irMS). The investigated VOCs ranged from C6 to C10. Samples were taken from (i) car exhaust emissions as well as from plant combustion experiments of (ii) various C3 and (iii) various C4 plants. We found significant differences in δ values of analysed VOCs between these sources, e.g. δ¹³C of benzene ranged between (i) −21.7 ± 0.2‰, (ii) −27.6 ± 1.6‰ and (iii) −16.3 ± 2.2‰, respectively and δD of benzene ranged between (i) −73 ± 13‰, (ii) −111 ± 10‰ and (iii) −70 ± 24‰, respectively. Results of VOCs present in investigated emission sources were compared to values from the literature (aluminium refinery emission). All source groups could be clearly distinguished using the dual approach of δ¹³C and δD analysis. The results of this study indicate that the correlation of compound specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis provides the potential for future research to trace the fate and to determine the origin of VOCs in the atmosphere using thermal desorption compound specific isotope analysis.     

上海石化近岸海床冲淤特征与海堤稳定性分析

运用GIS对2000~2013年上海石化近岸海床冲淤特征、机制及海堤稳定性进行研究。结果表明:(1)2000~2013年海床大范围为淤积区,但金山深槽冲刷强度较大。其中,2000~2004、2004~2008年以冲刷为主,年均净冲刷速率为5.27 cm和10.52 cm;2008~2012年以淤积为主,年均净淤积速率为8.50 cm;2012~2013年冲淤较稳定,稳定区占总面积的76.04%;(2)8个断面北岸及深槽中部(断面Ⅴ)地形较稳定,但在深槽西部(断面Ⅰ和Ⅱ)和东部(断面Ⅶ和Ⅷ)南侧冲刷;离岸15m以浅海床以淤积为主;(3)海堤稳定评估中,第六次围堤岸段稳定性较低。总之,海床的冲刷与金山涨潮冲刷槽补沙机制的丧失有关,同时城市沙滩、南汇促淤等工程也有影响,新一轮涉水旅游项目正在开发中,需密切关注。     

工业典型危险作业场所火灾预防与控制技术研究展望

对国内外在工业典型危险作业场所火灾预防与控制技术的发展进行了综述,介绍了国外的发展重点和趋势以及我国的研究现状,并就我国在这一领域的未来几年的发展趋势进行了展望.     

海洋经济与环境发展的主成分分析

应用主成分分析方法,对大连海洋经济和环境发展两者之间的关系进行探讨,选取具有代表性、数据齐全的10项指标,对近4年来大连海洋经济和环境发展的情况进行定量分析,筛选出具有良好代表性的2个主成分,并以这2个主成分的贡献率进行加权平均,构造出综合评价函数.以此对大连市在这两者关系的协调方面进行综合评价.在此基础上,提出海洋经济和环境协调发展的具体建议.     

Long-term environmental monitoring of persistent organic pollutants and metals in a chemical/petrochemical area: human health risks

Organic pollutants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as some metals are periodically monitored in soil and vegetation samples collected in Tarragona County (Spain). We here report the temporal trends of the concentrations of the above pollutants between the initial survey (2002) and that recently (2009) performed. The area under evaluation was divided into 4 sections (chemical, petrochemical, urban/residential and unpolluted). In general terms, urban soils presented the highest concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCNs and PAHs, confirming that traffic is a very important emission source of these pollutants. In addition, substantially higher levels of PAHs and some metals were found in vegetation samples from the petrochemical complex. The assessment of health risks of these contaminants indicated that the current concentrations of micropollutants did not mean additional non-carcinogenic or cancer risks for the population living in the zone.     

石化企业无组织排放源强核算方法综述

石化企业的无组织排放源众多,排放量计算方法各异,源强的确定一直是石化企业环境影响评价和项目设计中的重点与难点。本文从认识石化企业的无组织排放出发,着重讨论了各类无组织排放的产生节点,并进一步分析了石化企业的无组织排放源强的核算方法的特点与适用性,可为石化企业设计者和环评工作者提供一定的参考。     

宁东能源化工基地工业固体废物综合利用现状分析、预测及建议

宁东能源化工基地目前以及将来都是宁夏回族自治区工业固体废物主要产生源,因此做好宁东能源基地工业固体废物污染防治工作就相当于解决了宁夏地区大部分工业固体废物问题。通过对基地在工业固体废物方面存在的问题进行剖析,提出宁东能源化工基地固体废物污染防治对策,旨在为减少宁东基地工业固体废物的产生量,提高工业固体废物的综合利用率。做好工业固体废物贮存、处置工作,提供科学指导,保证基地的高水平建设,为可持续发展提供科学依据。     

石油化工业对周边土壤中金属元素的影响分析

在黄岛石油化工区周边采集土壤样品27个,测定土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等元素,并运用统计分析、土壤质量综合指数法对测定结果做系统分析。结果表明,除As外,黄岛石油化工区周边土壤中Cd、Cu、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的测定均值均超过青岛市土壤背景值。Cd、Pb、Zn空间分布大体一致,测定值最高的地方均是离石油化工区最近的地方。Cr、Cu、Ni离石油化工区越远,测定值越低。而Hg则相反,离石油化工区越远测定值越高。黄岛石油化工区周边土壤不宜用作农用地,除1处不宜用作建设用地Ⅰ类外,其他均可作为建设用地Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类。     

Environmental protection, the economy, and jobs: national and regional analyses

The relationship between environmental protection (EP), the economy, and jobs has been an issue of harsh contention for decades. Does EP harm the economy and destroy jobs or facilitate economic growth and create jobs? We address this issue by summarizing the results of the Jobs and the Environment Initiative, research funded by nonprofit foundations to quantify the relationship between EP, the economy, and jobs. We estimate the size of the US environmental industry and the numbers of environment-related jobs at the national level and in the states of Florida, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, and Wisconsin. This is the first time that such comprehensive, detailed estimates have been developed.