MBBR-SA工艺处理模拟大豆深加工废水厌氧出水及污泥减量化

针对大豆深加工高浓度有机废水厌氧出水的特点,采用移动床生物膜反应器-沉淀池-厌氧池(MBBR-SA)工艺进行处理,重点考察了其COD去除、脱氮以及污泥减量化的性能。处理前厌氧出水水质参数为COD 1 350～1 851 mg/L、TN 45～73 mg/L和TP 35～55 mg/L。结果表明,经过70 d的运行,在最佳水力停留时间(HRT)1.68 d与最佳回流比0.75条件下,出水平均COD、TN和NH4+-N浓度分别为91.5、12.4和11.4 mg/L,分别达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》二级标准、二级标准和一级B标准,其平均去除率分别为96.0%、87.4%和88.3%;该工艺未排放剩余污泥,其表观污泥产率为0.13,比MBBR降低了43.5%,具有明显的污泥减量化特性。     

铅锌矿尾矿制备陶粒处理选矿废水

以铅锌矿浮选尾矿为原料,水玻璃和木质素作为添加剂,通过高温焙烧,制备水处理陶粒,并用其对选矿废水进行了吸附处理实验研究。实验结果表明,在不添加任何添加剂的条件下,800℃左右烧制的陶粒对选矿废水的COD吸附效果较好,COD去除率达到87.1%;当木质素+水玻璃作为粘结剂烧制陶粒时,不仅陶粒散落减少,COD的去除率和吸附容量都有所增加,COD去除率达到了88.21%,从而达到了"以废治废"的目的。     

基于BERT的灾害三元组信息抽取优化研究

为从网络媒体文本中快速、准确提取灾害三元组信息,利用自然语言处理(NLP)技术,研究灾害三元组信息抽取应用及其算法优化。通过双向编码器表示(BERT)预训练语言模型,应用于地质灾害三元组信息提取的实例中,针对模型由于底层多头注意力(MHA)机制会导致“低秩瓶颈”问题,对此,通过增大模型key-size对其进行优化。结果表明：所提方法能够显著提升从新闻报道等文本中提取地质灾害种类、发生地点、发生时间等关键信息的容错率及精准率;可得到对地质等灾害空间分布情况和趋势的分析,进而为预案编制、应急资源优化配置、区域监测预警等灾害应急管理工作提供科学分析和决策信息支持。     

亚热带低山丘陵区土壤遥感监测图像处理

用TM图像对亚热带低山丘陵地区进行土壤遥感监测时,根据该地区的环境特点,采用线性光谱混合分解、缨帽变换、纹理提取等多种图像处理方法来突出土壤信息,消除噪声。研究结果表明,仅用TM遥感图像进行土壤分类,经过去噪处理的TM6可以使土壤分类精度提高5%以上;经过其它图像处理提取的一些图像特征对某些土壤类型表现出较强的区分能力,经线性光谱混合分解处理消除植被光谱的特征图像及其纹理对水稻土的识别精度较原图像普遍提高,缨帽变换对潴育型水稻土和测渗型水稻土有最好的分类精度,但在提高总分类精度上并没有优势,除了线性光谱混合分解图像处理方法外,其它的图像处理方法得到的特征图像加入原始图像信息能起到提高总分类精度的作用。     

火灾预测的模糊马尔柯夫模型

火灾发生并不是一个严格马尔柯夫随机过程，而是一个“近似具有马尔柯夫性”的模糊马尔柯夫过程。本文在对我国55年火灾统计资料“相对化”处理的基础上，根据模糊马尔柯夫理论和方法，建立我国火灾相对变动模糊马尔可夫预测模型。根据隶属度最大原则，确定所属状态，进行火灾预测。2005年我国火灾预测值与实际值的相对误差为0．0148，表明模型具有相当高的预测精度。对我国2006年进行预测，得到火灾相对变动状态等级为微降，我国2006年的火灾发生率与2005年相比降低了0～0．1，火灾频数约为212347～235941起，预测结果可为有关部门的决策提供一定的依据。     

A case study of microwave processing of metal hydroxide sediment sludge from printed circuit board manufacturing wash water

The large quantity of wash water used in the electroplating and etching process in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs) contains a high level of heavy metal ions (Cu⁺⁺, Zn⁺⁺, Ni⁺⁺, Cr⁺⁺⁺, Pb⁺⁺). These potentially toxic ions are removed from the wash water effluent through a polyelectrolyte flocculation and hydroxide precipitation process during which a hydroxide sediment sludge rich in metal ions and polymers is generated. This sediment sludge possesses some unique characteristics and properties in terms of composition, fine particle size distribution, high specific surface area, and a tendency to agglomerate after drying. Direct disposal of this classified “special waste” (Department of Environment of Northern Ireland, The Special Waste Regulations, Northern Ireland, 1998) at landfill sites may cause serious soil and underground water pollution through a gradual ionic leaching process. This paper describes an experimental investigation, exploratory in nature, which employs microwave radiation for detoxification of the sediment sludge through microwave heating, drying and metal ion immobilization within the sediment solids. The effectiveness of microwave assisted binding and immobilization of the metal ions within the sediment solids was studied in conjunction with an evaluation of microwave energy efficiency in comparison to the more conventional convective heating and drying processes. Given a sufficient amount of microwave radiation, leaching of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ was reduced by 2700% and 1080%, respectively, over a period of 12 weeks, and further leaching was not detectable within six months at simulated local landfill aqueous conditions. This paper also attempts, through experimental observation, to add to the very limited understanding of the complex interactions and binding of free metal ions with the polymeric materials and metal hydroxides under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The high specific surface of the sediment solids and their adsorption properties were further explored and characterized in a study of adsorption of reactive dyes by the microwave processed solids.     

功能性低聚糖的现状与发展

介绍了功能性低聚糖的现状、生理功能、主要种类、结构、生产、特性及其应用,展望了发展前景。     

涡凹气浮(CAF)系统在处理石化废水中的应用

介绍了先进的污水处理系统——涡凹气浮系统,其工作原理与技术参数及在克拉玛依处理石化废水的工程实例。实际运行效果表明该系统具有占地少、投资与能源省,操作和管理简单,处理效果好等特点。在石油石化领域推广可收到较好的效果。     

流域地表生态信息的卫星遥感图像处理技术

以福建省九龙江流域为例,利用计算机技术和遥感-GIS工具软件,探讨利用多源卫星遥感影像获取流域地表环境信息的图像处理与分析技术,列举卫星遥感可获取的流域地表生态环境专题信息。重点分析利用遥感-GIS界定流域范围的方法、流域地表覆盖状况和植被覆盖密度的卫星遥感影像处理方法。      

An assessment on the recycling opportunities of wastes emanating from scrap metal processing in Mauritius

This paper presents an assessment on the wastes namely slag, dust, mill scale and sludge resulting from scrap metal processing. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that there are various ways via which scrap metal processing wastes can be reused or recycled in other applications instead of simply diverting them to the landfill. These wastes are briefly described and an overview on the different areas of applications is presented. Based on the results obtained, the waste generation factor developed was 349.3 kg per ton of steel produced and it was reported that slag represents 72% of the total wastes emanating from the iron and steel industry in Mauritius. Finally the suitability of the different treatment and valorisation options in the context of Mauritius is examined.