我国清洁生产审核现状分析

清洁生产是我国工业可持续发展的一项重要战略.但目前有些清洁生产审核机构的清洁生产审核工作还存在着“粗放”现象,不利于清洁生产可持续发展.本文结合清洁生产审核现状,针对清洁生产审核过程中存在的问题,进行了系统分析.作者认为,树立群体意识、加强领导的表率作用,对促进我国清洁生产审核工作持续、稳定、健康发展,推进环境污染防治工作具有重要意义.     

生态经济城市建设的SWOT分析与策略研究——以粤北山区韶关市为研究样本

生态经济城市通过城市生态、经济与社会系统的动态协调,形成一个生态高度有效保护、经济良性高效发展、人与自然和谐相处的整体功能系统,代表了现代和未来城市发展的方向.作为全国首批六个生态文明建设试点地区之一和广东省的生态发展区,韶关市加快生态经济城市建设符合这一发展潮流和趋势.根据SWOT分析方法,对韶关市生态经济城市建设面临的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战进行分析,不仅为韶关生态经济城市建设提供策略依据,而且为其它类似地区的生态经济城市建设提供借鉴.     

1987-2006年厦门市土地利用变化检测分析

通过对厦门市五个时相的土地利用变化检测,分析了厦门市1987年-2006年间各分区的土地利用变化及各地类在各年间的变化情况,并分析其变化原因.     

石灰干化污泥稳定后土壤中Pb、Cd和Zn浸出行为的研究

以人工制备Zn、Pb、Cd污染土壤为研究对象,采用城市污水处理石灰干化污泥作为稳定剂,对污染土壤进行稳定化处理,并采用TCLP、SPLP、去离子水浸提和优化的BCR连续提取法对稳定化效果进行分析和评价.结果表明,单独使用石灰干化污泥,TCLP浸出浓度随着干化污泥质量分数的增加而显著减少,干化污泥的质量分数为40%时,稳定化率最大为Zn-99.54%、Pb-99.60%、Cd-99.85%.SPLP和去离子水浸出评价稳定效果时,Pb和Zn在加入质量分数10%和20%的干化污泥时浸出明显降低,但在加入30%和40%时由于在强碱条件Pb和Zn会再溶出,导致稳定效果变差.为了恢复植物生长功能,经过FeSO4和H3PO4调节pH后,石灰干化污泥稳定过的土壤pH有效降低,同时FeSO4和H3PO4有利于促进Pb和Zn的稳定效果.经稳定化后,土壤中的重金属可交换态降低,限制了土壤重金属的迁移.该研究结果表明石灰干化污泥可以再利用,应用于重金属污染土壤的稳定化修复中,并能改善稳定后土壤适宜植物生长的理化性质.     

基于情景分析的城市餐厨垃圾处理方案研究

城市生态环境保护是生态文明建设的重要组成部分之一,而餐厨垃圾是影响城市生态环境的一种主要污染源,因此,有效处理餐厨垃圾也是当前城市生态环境保护的重要内容。本文以重庆市为例,针对其特殊的餐厨垃圾组成成分,调查分析了其主城区餐厨垃圾污染状况及处理难点,提出了3种主要处理方案情景并进行综合效益评价。结果表明建立餐厨垃圾小型处理站是最优方案,其成本效益核算结果说明当政府基金和垃圾产量有限时,也可采用缩小处理站规模以达到最高的组合效益。     

Identification of key factors governing chemistry in groundwater near the water course recharged by reclaimed water at Miyun County, Northern China

Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater.     

超声波－蒸汽蒸馏萃取技术富集沉积物样品中的氯代农药和多氯联苯

为方便快速分离沉积物中含氯农药和多氯联苯，将超声波技术和蒸汽蒸馏萃取技术相结合，萃取沉积物中的微量含氯农药和多氯联苯，所得萃取物不需进一步的净化和浓缩，可直接用于色谱分析．实验表明，在进行蒸汽蒸馏萃取之前，使用辅助的超声波技术可将大部分待测物的回收率提高２０％－３０％，较好地解决了由于沉积物的吸附作用而导致的蒸汽蒸馏萃取回收率偏低的缺陷．该法使沉积物样品中的氯代农药和多氯联苯的蒸汽蒸馏萃取富集成为可能．     

空气提升内循环生物流化床反应器动力学研究

进行了空气提升内循环生物流化床反应液体内循环速度,有机的降解动力学,载体表面生物膜脱落与增工动力学的研究,结果表明,内循环生物硫化内不速度分别与反应器高度及升流区表观气速ｕｇ０．５次方成正比,当内循环流量很大时,反应器可视为ＣＳＴＲ;生物膜的脱降率分别与ｕｇ及膜厚δ的次方,载体数量的２／３次方成正比。     

利用脉冲澄清池补充处理生化后废水的运行结果和分析

通过对脉冲澄清池在综合废水处理中运行效果的跟踪分析,确定出利用脉冲澄清池补充处理生化后废水(悬浮物、COD_(cr)、BOD_5等)的影响程度,为其在综合废水处理工艺中的应用及其局限性,提供了必要的参考依据.     

Prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency by rflp analysis of the 21-hydroxylase,complement C4, and HLA class II genes

In 19 pregnancies at risk for 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) in 18 families with at lea one affected child, prenatal diagnosis was performed by RFLP analysis using the enzymi Taq I and EcoRI and the DNA probes specific for the 21 OH genes, the closely linke complement C4 genes and the highly polymorphic HLA class II genes DRB, DQB, and DPI For fetal DNA analysis either chorionic villi or cultivated amniotic cells were used. In all 1 cases, a clear prenatal diagnosis was possible either with the 21OH probe alone or in mo cases, by combining the results of the different closely linked loci.