Fate of pathogenic microorganisms and indicators in secondary activated sludge wastewater treatment plants

This study was undertaken to investigate the removal of pathogenic microorganisms and their indicators in a laboratory scale biological treatment system that simulated the secondary treatment process of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Four groups of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths as well as the selected indicators were employed in the investigation. The results demonstrated that approximately 2-3 log10 removal of the microbial indicators was achieved in the treatment process. The log removal of Clostridium perfringens spores was low due to their irreversible adsorption to sludge flocs. The laboratory treatment system demonstrated a similar removal capability for Escherichia coli and the bacterial indicators (total coliforms, enterococci and particles <2.73 microm/L). The MS-2 bacteriophage, measured as a viral indicator, showed a lower removal than poliovirus, which may be considered as a worst case scenario for virus removal. The results of using particle profiling as an indicator for protozoa and helminths appeared to be inaccurate. The removal performance for bacterial and protozoan pathogens and their indicators in a full scale WWTP and the laboratory treatment system was compared.     

Fenton试剂氧化偶合混凝法处理含酚废水的机理研究

氧化偶合混凝法处理废水,是使其中的有机污染物在氧化剂的诱导作用下,发生偶合或聚合而被混凝过滤去除。本文采用低剂量Fenton试剂诱导氧化偶合混凝法处理苯酚及其衍生物模拟废水,取得良好效果。通过对苯酚氧化过程的分析及分子量分布的测定,证实了反应过程中确有偶合产物生成,并通过顺磁共振波谱（ESR）的研究及偶合产物结构的质谱（GC/MS）鉴定,推测了偶合反应的机理。该偶合反应为自由基偶合反应,偶合产物是由C－C键或C－O键联接而成的。     

高级氧化法处理难降解有机废水研究进展

综述了几种高级氧化法包括Fenton法、O3/UV法、O3/H2O2法、UV/H2O2法、O3/UV/H2O2法和TiO2法的反应机理、特点及在难降解有机废水处理中的应用进展,并对高级氧化法存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了探讨。     

优势菌株生物膜法处理卡那霉素废水

进行了选用优势菌株生物膜法处理卡那霉素废水的工艺条件研究。通过自然驯化污泥挂膜和投加优势菌种挂膜两种工艺的对比试验，揭示了两者在挂膜时间、接触停留时间、进水浓度、耐冲击负荷等方面的不同，指出投加优势菌挂膜系统运行效果优于自然驯化污泥挂膜系统，当进水ＣＯＤｃｒ浓度为３５００￣４０００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，其去除率可稳定达到８８％￣９０％，效果显著。     

含腈污水处理

介绍了安庆丙烯腈──腈纶联合装置污水处理系统工艺路线及运行现状。含腈（氰）污水中主要污染物在生化处理过程中首先被转化为氨氮，然后进一步硝化。但在特定的水质条件下氨氮难以硝化的问题较为突出，对此进行了探讨。     

Stimulation impact of electric currents on heterotrophic denitrifying microbial viability and denitrification performance in high concentration nitrate-contaminated wastewater

Electric current stimulation has been shown to have a positive influence on heterotrophic denitrifying microbial viability and has the potential to improve wastewater denitrification performance. This study investigated the effects of varying current densities on microbial activity and NO_3~- removal efficiency under heterotrophic conditions.NO_3~-removal rate was highest at an applied current density of 400 mA/m~2. However, the optimum removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen(TIN; 99%) was achieved when the current density was fixed at 200 m A/m~2. Accumulation of NH_4~+-N and NO_2~--N byproducts were also minimized at this current density. The activity of heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms was much higher at both 200 and 400 mA/m~2. Moreover, the average adenosine-5′-triphosphate(ATP)content(an indicator of cell metabolism) at a current density of 1600 mA/m~2 was lower than that under no current, indicating heterotrophic denitrifying microbial activity can be inhibited at high current densities. Hence, direct electrical stimulation on the activity of heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms in the developed system should be lower than 1600 mA/m~2. This study improves the understanding of electric current influence on heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms and promotes the intelligent application of direct electrical stimulation on wastewater treatment processes.     

城市污水化学除磷的探讨

阐述了城市污水处理除磷的重要性和迫切性，而在普遍采用的生物除磷技术不能满足出水磷的排放标准时可考虑采用化学除磷技术，系统分析了化学除磷的原理，特点及影响因素，结合工程实例介绍了城市污水化学除磷的除磷效果，并指出了我国在现阶段城市的污水化学除磷技术研究与发展的目标。     

深圳福田红树林系统藻类生态及系统净化功能研究

红树林系统被认为具有次级污水处理功能。藻类是污水中的主要有机体。红树林系统如何能有效地包陷将会流入沿岸水体中的污水中的组分,是本项研究的重点,试验在深圳福田红树林系统中进行。扁圆囊裸藻(Trach－elomomascurta)、裸藻(Euglenaspp．)、线性棒条藻(Rhabdodermalineara)是污水中典型的污染指示种类,藻类密度高达5×109个／L,生物量达11．54μg／L。污水排放进入红树林,并未对实验地(SiteA)藻类生物量产生显著影响;但对近海水体中藻类生物量的提高有一定促进作用;污水中的污染指示种类极少被冲出进入近岸水域。因此,红树林系统具有较大的潜力来包陷(Trap)污水中的有机体,处理污水具有有效性。      

高浓度含氮废水生物脱氮新工艺研究

采用厌氧氨氧化-UASB工艺处理高浓度含氮废水,这是一种全新的生物脱氮工艺。厌氧氨氧化-UASB反应器、厌氧氨氧化-UASB-生物膜反应器在相同的进水条件和温控条件下稳定运行,实现了对氮素的持续去除能力,NH4^＋-N、NO2^--N、TN去除率分别保持在99．9％、99．9％、90．0％以上,稳定运行阶段出水pH值均保持在8．5附近。NH4^＋-N去除量与NO2^--N去除量、NO2^--N生成量的比值可以指示厌氧氨氧化反应器性能的演变。ANAMMOX菌在生长过程中需消耗碱度,因此反应器内pH值的变化可以反映生物反应的相对强度。生物膜的培养有利于ANAMIVIOX菌积累,UASB-生物膜反应器运行效果明显优于不具有生物膜的普通UASB反应器。     

粉煤灰吸附含镍废水的研究

采用EDTA滴定法以热电厂废弃物粉煤灰为吸附剂,对含镍废水进行了吸附研究,模拟测定了影响粉煤灰吸附工业废水中重金属离子的几种因素。结果表明:低温,高的镍离子浓度,粉煤灰颗粒细、数量多能提高粉煤灰的吸附效能。同时这种方法简便,成本低廉,能达到以废治废的目的。