石油产品装卸过程中的油气回收技术

介绍了石油产品装卸过程产生的油气污染及其治理方法、工艺过程与技术特点。结合中国石化股份有限公司长岭分公司石油产品装卸过程产生的油气污染情况,对油气回收方案的选择、回收工艺及油品回收情况与经济效益进行了论述。     

Valorization of sodium sulfate waste to potassium sulfate fertilizer: experimental studies,process modeling,and optimization

ABSTRACT

Sodium sulfate is a common low-value industrial by-product but can be managed using the Glaserite process to convert it into high-value potassium sulfate. The aim of the study is to investigate the potential for implementing this process in an industrial application. Experimental studies were completed to determine the yield and purity of both glaserite and potassium sulfate. Process simulation using SysCAD was utilized to optimize a two-stage glaserite process to produce potassium sulfate. Comparison of experimental and simulated data was made to validate the simulator’s results, finding the AAD in solid and liquid phase for glaserite production to be 6.9% and 5.7%, respectively, and for potassium sulfate to be 5.7% and 2.3%, respectively. For a process treating seven MT/hr of Na₂SO₄, a KCl feed strategy of 3.0 MT/hr to the glaserite reactor and 4.5 MT/hr to the K₂SO₄ reactor was found to maximize yield and minimize water demand. It was also found that ambient temperatures were preferred for the K₂SO₄ reactor and that K₂SO₄ yield suffered significantly under certain conditions when the glaserite reactor operated at 50°C or above.     

Need for recovery after emotional labor: Differential effects of daily deep and surface acting

This diary study examines the psychological processes that contribute to daily recovery from emotional labor by combining emotion regulation with work‐home resources theories. We hypothesized that overall perceptions of display rules relate positively to daily deep and surface acting. Daily surface acting was expected to relate positively to exhaustion and negatively to flow during work and consequently, to a higher need for recovery at the end of the workday. In contrast, daily deep acting was hypothesized to relate positively to flow and negatively to exhaustion and consequently, to a lower need for recovery at the end of the workday. In turn, need for recovery was expected to associate negatively to vigor at bedtime through reduced relaxation during leisure. Fifty Dutch and Polish employees first filled in a survey, and then a diary for five consecutive workdays, twice per day: at the end of the workday and before sleep. Multilevel path analyses largely supported these hypotheses suggesting that surface acting has unfavorable implications, whereas deep acting has favorable implications for daily well‐being at work and recovery after work.     

地层条件下油气混合气安全氧含量实验研究

为了确定地层高温高压环境下油气混合气的安全氧含量,避免在采油过程中形成可燃性混合气体引发燃烧或者爆炸事故,保证注空气采油工艺过程的安全性,设计了1种测试地层高温高压环境下油气混合气体安全氧含量的实验装置;通过对采油现场井筒内的气体进行取样分析,选取一定组分的混合气体,在理论分析的基础上,对混合气体分别在1,5,10 MPa和40,120℃条件下的安全氧含量进行了实验研究,并将实验结果与理论分析结果进行了比较分析。研究结果表明:随着温度和压力的升高,安全氧含量逐渐降低;在地层高温高压环境下所测得的安全氧含量要远低于常温常压下的理论估算值;在10 MPa,120℃时达到8.27%,很大程度上增加了采油工艺过程的危险性。     

Speed or deliberation: a comparison of post‐disaster recovery in Japan,Turkey, and Chile

This paper compares recovery in the wake of three recent earthquakes: the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011; the Van earthquake in Turkey in October 2011; and the Maule earthquake in Chile in February 2010. The authors visited all three locations approximately 12–18 months after the incidents and interviewed earthquake specialists, disaster managers, urban planners, and local authorities. A key challenge to post‐disaster recovery planning is balancing speed and deliberation. While affected communities must rebuild as quickly as possible, they must also seek to maximise the opportunities for improvement that disasters provide. The three case studies bring this dilemma into stark relief, as recovery was respectively slow, fast, and just right in the aftermath of the events: the Government of Japan adopted a deliberate approach to recovery and reconstruction; speed was of the essence in Turkey; and an effective balance between speed and deliberation was achieved in Chile.     

Factors affecting post-disaster location choices of businesses: an analysis of the 1999 earthquake

Despite global policies advocating risk reduction and community level recovery, post-disaster implementations usually focus on households, but fail to focus on businesses in spatial terms. Due to the lack of appropriate policy and tools, businesses often make their own location choices as part of their recovery strategy. In view of this, this study aims to establish the factors affecting the location choices of businesses challenged by disasters in the absence of any specific spatial strategies designed for them. In order to determine these factors, empirical research was conducted in Adapazari, Turkey on 232 firms selected as a result of a stratified random sampling procedure. According to the analysis of the results, the most notable impacts on business location choices after a disaster shock are associated with occupancy status, education level, and extent of damage. In line with these findings, the impacts of business location choices are discussed to highlight the role of businesses in spatial decisions.     

广西坡豪湖水体水质及营养状态分析

通过2017年1月—2018年7月在坡豪湖布设11个采样点,监测TN、TP等8项水质指标,并运用综合水质标识指数法、综合营养指数法分析该湖的综合水质级别及营养状态.结果表明:坡豪湖综合水质标识指数为2.610,综合水质评价级别为Ⅱ类,总体水质良好.坡豪湖综合营养指数为44.90,为中营养状态,坡豪湖营养状态程度受限于T...     

废线路板稀贵金属含量分析及提取技术研究

废线路板的稀贵金属含量较高.论述了废线路板中金的提取方法,分为全部浸出工艺和选择性浸出工艺,并提出了稀贵金属的提取工艺流程.     

Health Risks Associated with Predicted Increase of Cadmium in Cultivated Soils and in the Diet

We have assessed the change of the dietary intake and the potential health risks of cadmium in Finland, assuming that a high level of cadmium in fertilizers (138 mg Cd/kg P) would prevail for the next 100 years. Soil measurements and modelling were used to derive the predicted level of cadmium in foods. In three important cultivars, wheat, potato and sugar beet, the cadmium concentration would increase by 20–35%. Consequently, the average dietary intake of cadmium in Finland would increase from 7.9 to 10.0 μg/day, corresponding with the urinary level of about 0.2 μg/l, a level that has not been associated with effects on the human health. However, in the risk group with 1) high dietary intake of cadmium, 2) elevated gastrointestinal absorption, and 3) tobacco smoking, the estimated urinary level of cadmium would be 2.0 μg/l. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that urinary level of 1–2 μg Cd/l is associated with an increased risk of bone demineralization and fractures, and 2–4 μg Cd/l with pre-clinical kidney damage. People characterized by more than one of the above-mentioned risks factors, may develop the adverse health effects at an old age, when cadmium has accumulated in the body.     

韧性理论视角下贫困村灾后恢复重建与灾害风险管理刍议

韧性理论引入灾害风险管理领域,为世界防灾减灾实践提供了新理念,并在国内外韧性城市社区建设中得到广泛应用,但针对乡村地区,尤其是高脆弱性的贫困村韧性社区建设的研究还较为鲜见.该文以韧性理论为基础,结合乡村振兴战略规划,通过对贫困村社会生态系统特征的分析,探讨了新时期我国贫困村灾后恢复重建与灾害风险管理发展方向及特点.研究...