用三性法对巴楚伽师6.8级地震的跨越式预测

介绍了用三性法对2003年2月24日新疆巴楚伽师6．8级地震的早期跨越式预测，并讨论了某些相关问题。所谓三性法就是大震时序上的周期性、倍周期性和黄金分割性的排列。     

太阳活动对地球表面温度影响的研究进展

论述了近年来对地球表面温度变化特征、原因研究的意义及研究进展。许多研究表明，20世纪全球地表气温的变化是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果。根据多种反映太阳活动的代用指标拟合的气候模型指出，太阳活动可以解释1850年以前气温变化的大部分情况。工业革命以来，温室气体成为不可忽视的影响因素，太阳活动对气候影响所占的比重及其相互作用的物理机制仍然是有待深入研究和解决的问题。     

Comparison between controlled landfill reactor and conditioned landfill bioreactor

Bioreactor landfills allow a more active landfill management that recognizes the biological, chemical and physical processes involved in a landfill environment. The laboratory-scale simulators of landfill reactors treating municipal solid wastes were studied, the effect of solid waste size, leachate recirculation, nutrient balance, pH value, moisture content and temperature on the rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) biodegradation were determined, and it indicated the optimum pH value, moisture content and temperature decomposing MSW. The results of waste biodegradation were compared with that of the leachate-recirculated landfill simulator and conservative sanitary landfill simulator. In the control experiment the antitheses of a decreasing trend of the organic load, measured as biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand, was shown. An obvious enhancement of effective disposal from conservative sanitary landfill (CSL) simulator, to the leachate-recirculated landfill (LRL) simulator and to the conditioned bioreactor landfill(CBL) simulator would be noted, through displaying the compared results of solid waste settlement, heavy, metal concentration in leachate, methane production rate, biogas composition, BOD and COD as well as their ratio.     

纳米Co-B-P非晶态合金的合成及其对PH_3分解的催化作用

用化学还原法合成了纳米Co-B-P非晶态合金,用电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和差热分析(DSC)等手段对其进行了物性表征,并用微型催化反应装置考察了其对PH_3分解的催化作用。结果表明,非晶态合金Co-B-P对PH_3的分解具有良好的催化作用。在420℃分解率达到85%, 480℃达97%,500℃达100%,而且温度继续升高至600℃,分解率没有下降趋势,说明催化剂有比较高的热稳定性。     

土壤中草甘膦与镉的交互作用对3种土壤酶活性的影响

研究了两种土壤中草甘膦与镉交互作用对土壤三种酶活性的影响．结果发现,低浓度镉略促进乌栅土中的脲酶活性,而高浓度镉则显著抑制了其脲酶活性,当与草甘膦共存时,草甘膦的存在增强了镉对脲酶活性的抑制作用; 镉对红壤中脲酶活性的影响较小,而草甘膦单一或与Cd共存时均显著抑制了红壤中脲酶的活性．镉抑制了乌栅土中酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性,而草甘膦的存在增加了镉的毒性,两者表现为协同作用;低浓度镉促进了红壤酸性磷酸酶活性,而高浓度镉则抑制了土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,草甘膦的存在降低了红壤中镉的毒性,两者表现为颉颃作用．镉对红壤中碱性磷酸酶的活性影响较小．     

Information presentation compatibility in a simple digital control panel design: eye-tracking study

Various designs of typical digital control panels were analyzed experimentally from both the effectiveness and efficiency points of view. Subjects performed information comparison tasks aimed at keeping vehicle velocity at the same level. The experiment involved two versions of speedometers for displaying current and target velocities (clock-face and digital). The stimuli were also differentiated by the target velocity value (20, 50 and 80?km/h) and the correct response type (increase or decrease). Subjects’ performance results along with the eye-tracking data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for all 24 experimental conditions.     

居民活动空间与生态约束协调的城市开发边界划定方法——以长沙市为例

为了遏制长沙市城市的无序扩张,促进土地节约集约、高效利用,保障生态空间质量,划定长沙市城市开发边界成为重要举措。基于居民活动空间扩展,选取人口密度、居民活动分布、基础设施布局等多源时空数据,通过量化居民活动空间扩展概率,并利用植被覆盖度构建生态约束强度,确定二者协调规则,作为CA模型的约束条件,进行城市建设用地模拟,划定城市开发边界。结果表明：划定的长沙市城市开发边界,结果与长沙市“十三五”规划的城市空间发展框架基本一致,对未来建设用地扩展方向预测合理,而且避免了侵占重要生态资源,达到了兼顾城市空间发展和生态资源保护的多重目的。     

Herbicidal activity of slow-release herbicide formulations in wheat stands infested by weeds

The present study reports the herbicidal activity of metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl embedded in the degradable matrix of natural poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)/MET and P(3HB)/TBM]. The developed formulations were constructed as films and microgranules, which were tested against the weeds such as white sweet clover Melilotus albus and lamb's quarters Chenopodium album in the presence of soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. Altaiskaya 70) as the subject crop for investigation. The activity was measured in laboratory scale experiments by determining the density and weight of the vegetative organs of weeds. The study was also aimed at testing the effect of the experimental formulation on the growth of wheat crop as dependent on the method of herbicide delivery. The experimental MET and TBM formulations showed pronounced herbicidal activity against the weed species used in the study. The effectiveness of the experimental formulations in inhibiting weed growth was comparable to and, sometimes, higher than that of the commercial formulations (positive control). The amount of the biomass of the wheat treated with the experimental herbicide formulations was significantly greater than that of the wheat treated with commercial formulations.     

禾草灵对水稻生长和典型土壤酶活性的影响

禾草灵是一种广泛使用的除草剂,在土壤中大量残留,对非靶标生物产生危害。为探究除草剂对环境生物的毒性作用,本研究模拟水稻自然生长的环境,评估禾草灵对水稻及土壤微生物的影响。研究结果表明,低浓度禾草灵(200μg·L-1)处理4d对土壤微生物量没有显著影响(P0.05);8 d时,水稻生长没有明显变化,但土壤微生物量较对照组显著升高(P0.05)。高浓度禾草灵(1 000μg·L-1)处理4 d后,土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活性显著下降(P0.05),下降幅度分别为8.9%,16.6%和10.2%;处理8 d后,水稻幼苗鲜重显著降低(P0.05),叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量分别下降了13.5%和13.3%。本研究证实高浓度的禾草灵残留会对植物和土壤微生物产生不良的影响。     

植物-微生物修复石油烃污染土壤与根际微生态环境变化

石油烃作为一类持久性难降解有机污染物对土壤环境质量产生严重的危害。以天津大港油田原油污染土壤中筛选出的耐低温高效石油烃降解菌为靶细胞,以小麦、紫花苜蓿作为供试植物,利用盆栽试验,对植物-外源菌协同修复体系中的脱氢酶活性和土壤微生物多样性进行研究,分析其变化及其与石油烃降解率的关系。结果表明植物-微生物协同修复对石油烃具有较好的降解能力,其中小麦-固定化外源菌组具有最高的降解率,石油烃含量从最初的30 600 mg獉kg-1下降为24 300 mg獉kg-1,降解率为20.6%,并且其试验后期石油烃的降解率最大,远远高于其他时期,表现出良好的修复潜力。外源菌投加的初始阶段会迅速提高脱氢酶活性,然而这种影响随着降解时间延长而逐渐减弱。初期脱氢酶活性与总石油烃的降解存在较好的相关性,脱氢酶活性可以在一定程度上表征土壤石油烃的降解情况。微生物多样性与总石油烃降解也存在一定的相关性。