Remove cooking fume using catalytic combustion over Pt/La-Al2O3

Five monolithic catalysts with low noble metal content were prepared by irnmerge method （Pt/γ=Al2O3, Pt/La-Al2O3, Pt/YSZ-AI203, Pt＋Pd/La-Al2O3 and Pd/La-Al2O3） and their activity measurements were carried out in a conventional fixed-bed flow reactor. The results show that La-Al2O3 can promote activity of the prepared catalysts and can decrease the complete conversion temperature of cooking fume. The Pt/La-Al2O3 catalyst has the highest activity and can be applied in wide range of gas hourly space velocity （GHSV）. Some characterizations （XRD, TPR） were carried out with the objective to explain differences in catalytic behaviors. The prepared catalyst showed a great potential for application.     

Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin

The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.     

Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in Ankara's primary schools

Outdoor school environments are sites for play and physical activity for many children, and shortcomings within these environments are considered significant factors that contribute to children's inactive lifestyles and high levels of childhood obesity. This study explores the associations between the physical characteristics of schoolyards and the physical activity of third and fourth year students in five Turkish primary schools. Data were collected through multiple methods, including behavior mapping of student activities during recess, physical assessments of schoolyards, and interviews with students, teachers and administrations. The findings show similarities in the landscape features and physical qualities of schoolyards, particularly in the types of play and activities in which students engage. Results indicated that active students who walk to and from schools have lower body mass index (BMI) values than passive students, and students in schools with larger yards have lower BMI values. Most of the students prefer spacious and vegetated yards. A major concern is the crowdedness of the yards during recess that limit children's activity. Schoolyards with advanced landscape features are preferred more, and this in turn affects students’ positive satisfaction. Outdoor school environments have a correlation to health outcomes and should be designed to promote more activity. Improving the physical and landscape qualities of the public schoolyards should be the primary concern of the designers in order to increase awareness of natural environment and more important, increase the health of children.     

溶菌酶及其在环境工程中的应用研究

文章对溶菌酶的结构特点、作用机制、提取制备、酶活力的测定方法做了简要介绍,并探讨了溶菌酶在环境工程中的应用研究。     

Feeding of western gray whales during a seismic survey near Sakhalin Island, Russia

Exxon Neftegas Limited, as operator of the Sakhalin-1 consortium, is developing oil and gas reserves on the continental shelf off northeast Sakhalin Island, Russia. DalMorNefteGeofizika (DMNG) on behalf of the Sakhalin-1 consortium conducted a 3-D seismic survey of the Odoptu license area during 17 August–9 September 2001. A portion of the primary feeding area of the endangered western gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) is located in the vicinity of the seismic survey. This paper presents data to assess whether western gray whale bottom feeding activity, as indicated by visible mud plumes, was affected by seismic operations. The mitigation and monitoring program associated with the seismic survey included aerial surveys during 19 July–19 November 2001. These aerial surveys documented the local and regional distribution, abundance, and bottom feeding activity of western gray whales. Data on gray whale feeding activity before, during and after the seismic survey were collected, with the whales assumed to be feeding on the benthos if mud plumes were observed on the surface. The data were used to assess the influence of seismic survey and other factors (including environmental) on feeding activity of western gray whales. A stepwise multiple regression analysis failed to find a statistically significant effect (α = 0.05) of the seismic survey on frequency of occurrence of mud plumes of western gray whales used as a proxy to evaluate bottom feeding activity in Piltun feeding area. The regression indicated that transect number (a proxy for water depth, related to distance from shore) and swell height (a proxy for sea state) were the only variables that had a significant effect on frequency of whale mud plumes. It is concluded that the 2001 seismic survey had no measurable effect (α = 0.05) on bottom feeding activity of western gray whales off Sakhalin Island. M.W. Newcomer, deceased     

可持续发展理念下的地质环境承载力初步探讨

在环境承载力概念的基础上定义了地质环境承载力,讨论了地质环境承载力的内在涵义及特点,以城市地质环境为例,探讨了地质环境承载力评价的工作程序。     

不同共代谢基质对白腐菌降解吲哚的作用研究

选用氨氮、苯酚和喹啉作为吲哚的共代谢基质,通过白腐菌BP对共基质体系的降解研究了白腐菌在秸秆滤出液培养基中对不同共基质体系的代谢过程,并进行了动力学分析,考察了不同共代谢基质物质对白腐菌漆酶分泌和吲哚降解的影响.结果显示,不同降解体系中的白腐菌都可去除99%以上的吲哚.充分的氮源可提高白腐菌的活性和漆酶酶活的峰值;共基质苯酚和喹啉可以增加白腐菌漆酶产量,为吲哚的降解提供较多的电子,同时苯酚和喹啉也能得到较高的去除.在秸秆滤出液中,白腐菌在pH为6～8之间对吲哚都具有较强的降解能力.吲哚在白腐菌的代谢过程中,可能首先在吡啶环的2和3位发生一步羰基化.     

快速生物活性测定方法的仪器化

好氧活性污泥法在污水处理中应用广泛.保持污泥活性,是良好处理效果的前提,也是运行控制的主要目标.活性污泥的呼吸速率,或者氧利用速率(oxygen uptake rate,OUR),能够指示污泥的活性变化.本研究开发的快速生物活性测定仪(rapid biological activity tester,RBAT),能够快速测定污泥活性参数,满足工程设计与运行的迫切要求.     

理化因子对集胞藻PCC6803溶血素溶血活性的影响

研究了保存温度以及添加稳定剂、氧化剂、还原剂、螯合剂和金属离子对集胞藻(Synechocystis sp. PCC6803)野生型菌株产生的溶血素的溶血活性的影响.结果表明,该溶血素在提取初始仅具有较低的溶血活性,但在提取3～6 d后,溶血活性急剧升高,之后随保存时间延长逐渐降低.-20 ℃低温保存有利于该溶血素活性的维持.添加半胱氨酸盐酸盐、牛血清白蛋白和血红蛋白都能提高其溶血活性,可以作为该溶血素的稳定剂;氧化剂H₂O₂能显著提高其溶血活性,而还原剂β-巯基乙醇、二硫苏糖醇显著抑制其溶血活性,说明该溶血素为非巯基依赖型溶血素.金属离子Ca2+,Co2+,Fe3+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Mn2+和Mg2+均会抑制其溶血活性,仅Zn2+能增加其溶血活性,金属螯合剂EDTA也能增强其溶血活性.      

Alteration of brain electrical activity by electromagnetic field

To better understand the affect of different levels of EMF on one’s brain activity, the Hodgkin–Huxley model has been used to describe the generation of an active potential in the nerve cell membrane. The theoretical calculations have shown that by the simultaneous affect of both passing an electrical potential and external very low frequency AC, one’s excitation pulses may be suppressed beginning with a certain level of external current. The level of this current depends on the frequency. It is postulated that to eliminate this suppression, the brain increases its normal level relatively to the lower limit. It is also postulated that the brain “tunes up” in the presence of external AC, by increasing the amplitude of its own excitation signals so that suppression does not occur. It is possible that this “tuning” process lasts some time after removing the external EMF as the brain adapts. This has been observed experimentally.