三氯甲烷对土壤酶活性影响

通过实验室内培养,研究了三氯甲烷(CF)在7种不同的浓度下对土壤过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶活性所产生的影响.结果表明:在实验时间内,CF对蛋白酶活性起到抑制作用,对过氧化氢酶活性则表现出激活效应.质量分数大于60.00 mg·kg-1的CF会明显抑制蛋白酶活性;CF对这2种土壤酶的作用强度大小的浓度有关.浓度小时作用强度小,浓度大时作用强度大;CF[ω(CF)≤60.00 mg·kg-1]对这2种土壤酶的作用是暂时的,过一段时间后会恢复,即对这2种土壤酶的作用有抑制(激活)-恢复过程,恢复程度和质量分数有关,质量分数越大恢复程度越小.     

玻璃纤维布负载TiO2膜光催化氧化垃圾渗滤液

本文以钛酸丁酯为原料，通过溶胶-凝胶技术在玻璃纤维布上制备TiO2膜。分别以10w低压汞灯和400w高压汞灯作为光源。对垃圾渗滤液进行了光催化氧化处理。综合分析了影响CODCr去除率及UV335去除率的因素。结果表明，以玻璃纤维布作载体制备的TiO2膜光催化氧化处理垃圾渗滤液具有较好的效果。     

重金属Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染对土壤酶活性的影响

采用回归正交设计方案 ,研究了潮褐土中Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染对 4种土壤酶活性 (过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、转化酶 )的影响 .结果表明 ,在复合效应影响中 ,重金属对土壤酶活性的抑制效应顺次为Cd >Zn >Pb ;同时 ,Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染对 4种土壤酶活性的影响效应存在着明显差异 .其复合污染对脲酶表现出协同抑制负效应的特征 ;对过氧化氢酶表现出一定的屏蔽作用 ;对转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性影响则主要随着Cd浓度的增加而显著降低 .离子冲量与土壤脲酶活性之间呈显著负相关 ,用脲酶活性作为预测土壤重金属Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染程度的主要生化指标具有一定的可行性     

废水中染料的TiO_2光催化氧化降解机理研究现状

系统论述了废水中TiO2光催化氧化降解染料的机理、动力学机制、染料的反应活性、研究中间降解产物的方法和结果等的研究现状,指出了目前研究中最大难点是分析手段的不足,对此提出了自己的看法,这为今后实际废水处理工艺过程中起到指导控制作用。     

Degradation of para-hydroxybenzoic acid by means of mixed microbial cultures

Olive mill wastewater contains some phenolic compounds that cause antibacterial activity of a kind that prevents biological treatment without previous dilution. Among these phenolic compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB) is considered to be one of the most representative. This work examines the biodegradation of PHB by aerobic microbial mixed cultures previously acclimatized to glucose, which was used as an easily biodegradable model compound. Microbial growth runs were carried out in a batch reactor in the PHB concentration range of 200-1000 mg/L. In all the runs the PHB proved to be completely degradable. The specific growth rates obtained were in the range of 0.16-0.35 l/h. Experimental runs showed that the functional relationship between the specific growth rate and PHB concentration was that proposed by Monod. The kinetic constants of the Monod equation (mu(max) and K(S)) and biomass yield coefficient (Y) were determined experimentally. With the parameter values thus obtained, a mathematical model that also takes account of the duration of the lag phase was employed to describe both the microbial growth and the consumption of PHB. The concentration values of the model fit well with the data obtained experimentally.     

饮用水生物处理中微生物量和活性的测定方法

微生物量和微生物活性是饮用水生物处理工艺设计与运行的重要参数。总结论述了适用于表示饮用水生物处理过程生物膜中微生物数量和活性的几种主要指标的测定方法。     

滇池底泥微生物菌群对微囊藻毒素的生物降解

采用滇池水华蓝藻中提取提纯的微囊藻毒素(microcystins,MCs)作为微生物生长的碳源和氮源,从长期暴露于蓝藻水华的滇池底泥中,通过从含低浓度到高浓度MCs的逐步培养驯化,获得了高效降解MCs的微生物混合菌群,在初始MC-RR和LR浓度大约分别为50 mg/L和30 mg/L下,3 d内可将MCs全部降解.进一步活性研究显示,不同含碳和含氮化合物虽然能够促进混合微生物菌群的生长,但对降解MCs却无明显的促进作用,说明MCs既可以作为微生物生长的碳源,又可以作为微生物生长的氮源,在富含有机物的天然水体中并不一定能够促进微生物对MCs的生物降解.     

Kinetics of OH-initiated oxidation of oxygenated organic compounds in the aqueous phase: new rate constants, structure–activity relationships and atmospheric implications

The kinetics of OH oxidation of several organic compounds of atmospheric relevance were measured in the aqueous phase. Relative kinetics were performed using various organic references and OH sources. After validation of the protocol, temperature-dependent rate constants for the reactions of OH radical with ethyl ter-butyl ether (, E_a/R=580 (±560) K), n-butyl acetate ( (±0.4)×10⁹ M⁻¹ s⁻¹, E_a/R=1000 (±200) K), acetone ( (±0.05)×10⁹ M⁻¹ s⁻¹, E_a/R=1400 (±500) K), methyl ethyl ketone (, E_a/R=1200 (±200) K), methyl iso-butyl ketone (, E_a/R=1200 (±300) K) and methylglyoxal (, E_a/R=1100 (±300) K) were determined. A non-Arrhenius behavior was found for phenol, in good agreement with the contribution of an OH addition to the mechanism, which also includes H-abstraction by OH radicals. Global rate constants of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and valeraldehyde were studied at 298 K only, as these compounds partly hydrate in the aqueous phase. All the obtained data (except those of phenol) complemented by literature data were used to investigate three methods to estimate rate constants for H-abstraction reactions of OH radicals in aqueous solutions when measured data were not available: Evans-Polanyi-type correlations, comparisons with gas-phase data, structure activity relationships (SAR). The results show that the SAR method is promising; however, the data set is currently too small to extend this method to temperatures other than 298 K. The atmospheric impact of aqueous phase OH oxidation of water-soluble organic compounds is discussed with the determination of their global atmospheric lifetimes, taking into account both gas- and aqueous-phase reactivities. The results show that atmospheric droplets can act as powerful photoreactors to eliminate soluble organic compounds from the atmosphere.     

蚯蚓抗菌肽EABP-1的分离纯化及部分性质

经硫酸铵沉淀、超滤和阳离子交换分离 ,得到了一蚯蚓抗菌肽EABP 1,该肽的最大紫外吸收在 2 77.16nm ,SDS PAGE结果表明其Mr≈ 2 0× 10 3,精确的分子量没有确定 .最小抑菌浓度 (ρMIC)实验表明 ,EABP 1对鹑鸡肠球菌(Enterococcusgallinarum)、绿脓杆菌 (Pseudomonaspyocyanea)、鲍氏不动 (Acinetobacterbaumanii)、土生克雷伯 (Kleb siellaterrigena)的 ρMIC为 11.4μg/mL ,对粪肠球菌 (Enterococcusfaecalis)的 ρMIC为 2 2 .8μg/mL ,对真菌白色念株菌(Candidaalbicans)没有表现为完全的抑制作用 .图 1表 1参 10     

青岛市区土壤天然放射性核素的外照射水平估算研究

城市的辐射环境质量对于人居和发展规划有重要意义。利用伽玛能谱仪对青岛市区内的天然放射性核素进行了大规模高密度的现场测量,采用Beck公式计算了离地面1m高处的空气吸收剂量率,进而计算了外照射年有效剂量、外照射指数和等效镭浓度,对研究区的外照射水平进行了系统的评价。与和其他国家全国比较,虽然该区的空气吸收剂量率较高,但是其他衡量天然放射性核素外照射水平的指标均在容许范围之内。因此该区属于外照射水平的安全区域,人居环境不受影响。